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MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Superior trunk lesion?

A

Erb Duchenne - waiters tip

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2
Q

Lesion of inferior trunk?

A

Thoracic outlet syn

Klumpkes palsy

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3
Q

Achondroplasia mut

A

AD mut in FGFR3 on chr 4

GAIN OF FXN

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4
Q

Worst type of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Type 2 - AR

-fx, blue sclera, teeth, loss hearing

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5
Q

2 dzs that cause erlenmyer flask widening of bone?

A

Osteopetrosis

Gauchers

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6
Q

Osteopetrosis and 3 diff types

A

Inherited defect in osteoclast –> no remodeling
AR - early onset
AD - adult - lots of fx
Def of carbonic anhydrase II - need CA to break down bone – get renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification

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7
Q

Another name for Paget dz?

A

Osteitis deformans

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8
Q

Paget dz

A

Think of Bethoven - skull deformity hearing loss, lion facies, hat didn’t fit
D/t hypervascularity - bone can feel warm

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9
Q

Paget dz marker?

A

Increased alk phos

Urine: hyroxyproline

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10
Q

If hat doesn’t fit, think of?

A

Paget

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11
Q

If hat, shoes and gloves don’t fit, think of?

A

Acromegaly

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12
Q

Alendronate

A

Bisphosphonate - tx for osteoporosis

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13
Q

Osteomalacia labs:

A

Decreased: Ca2+ and phosphate
Inc: alk phos

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14
Q

MC osteomyleitis:

A

S. aureus

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15
Q

MC osteomyleitis sex active:

A

N. gonorrhea

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16
Q

MC osteomyleitis sickle cell:

A

Salmonella

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17
Q

MC osteomyleitis missing complement:

A

Neiserria

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18
Q

MC osteomyleitis IV drug user or DM:

A

Pseudomonas

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19
Q

Tuberculosis osteomyelitis

A

Caseating granulomas of bone
Pott dz - vertebrae
Complication: psoas abscess

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20
Q

Osteoma assoc with what sun?

A

Gardner

+ colon polyps, skin cysts

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21
Q

Acetaminophen overdose depletes?

A

Glutathione so body can’t get rid of it

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22
Q

Acetaminophen OD antidote?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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23
Q

6 yo painless limp?

A

Avascular necrosis

AKA Legg calve perthes dz

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24
Q

Myositis ossificans

A

Runner with previous injury can get reactive calcification in soft tissue

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25
Q

O’Donohue triad?

A 
AKA Unhappy triad - lateral side of knee
Injuries to: 
ACL
MCL
M meniscus
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26
Q

Fx proximal shaft of radius, before casting?

A

Supinate - protect pronator teres

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27
Q

Hangmans fracture?

A

Fx of pedicles of C2 d/t hyperext

ie. MVA

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28
Q

Sever disease

A

Young athlete - traction apophysistis of calcaneus at attachment of Achilles
Tx: RICE

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29
Q

Spondylolithesis

A

Ant displacement - listing forward

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30
Q

SpondylolOlysis

A

Parts interarticularis - stress fx

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31
Q

Whiplash damages?

A

Ant long lig

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32
Q

Notorious cause of fever unknown origin?

A

Still dz - variant of juvenile RA

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33
Q

Coccygodynia

A

Proctalgia fugax - sudden rectal pain at noc

Incontinence, assoc birth

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34
Q

Fancy fucking name for club foot?

A

Talipes equinovarus

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35
Q

Severe supination sprain of ankle, pt tender at prix head of 5th metatarsal. Most likely?

A

Avulsion fx - tendon pulled away - MC tendon? Peroneus brevis

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36
Q

what mediates Ca2+ activation of contraction in skeletal and cardiac m?

A

Troponin

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37
Q

What mediates Ca2+ activation in smooth m?

A

Calmodulin

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38
Q

Supracondylar fx of humerus damages?

A

Median n. = ulnar deviation of hand on flexion of wrist

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39
Q

Ulnar lesion

A

Claw of 4th and 5th

Wasting hypothenar

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40
Q

Pudendal n block use?

A

Ischial spine as guide

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41
Q

Median n lesion

A

Loss sensation thumb, 1st 2 digits
atrophy thenar
CTS
Innervates 1st lumbrical

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42
Q

MS HLA?

A

DR2

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43
Q

Tx for MS?

A

IFN-Beta

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44
Q

Cubital fossa

A

TAN
Tendon biceps brachii
A - brachial a - medial to tendon
N - median n

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45
Q

Anti-microsomial Ab assoc?

A

Hypothyroid

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46
Q

Anti-ribonucleoprotein Ab assoc?

A

Mixed CT disease

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47
Q

Anti-mitochondrial Ab assoc?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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48
Q

Anti-centromere Ab assoc?

A

CREST syn

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49
Q

Under rib neurovascular bundle order?

A

VAN - damage n if do decompression below rib

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50
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Exits through the femoral ring

NAVel - venous nearest the penis

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51
Q

Ant dislocated humerus?

A

Axillary n

loss sensation over upper lateral arm

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52
Q

Why no trach on RA pt?

A

Atlantoaxial joint subluxation

can = acute compression of SC or vertebral a

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53
Q

Triceps reflex?

A

C7

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54
Q

Charcot Marie Tooth dz

A

Stork like legs - lower limb m wasted

Pes cavus

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55
Q

What infection can cause Paget dz of bone?

A

Paramyxovirus inf of osteoclasts + genetic susceptibility

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56
Q

If radio labeled ATP injected during m contraction?

A

Attaches to sarcomere and myosin head detaches

57
Q

MG caused by Abs against?

A

Post syn nicotinic ACh R

= dec motor end plate pot

58
Q

Tx MG?

A

Pyridostigmine - AChE inhibitor

59
Q

Lambert Eaton MG Abs against?

A

Voltage gated Ca2+ channel for ACh release

50% have malignancy - ie. small cell lung CA

60
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

40-60s - hip palp lump in soft tissue just lateral to PSIS

XR: Soft tissue mass w erosion R iliac cortex

61
Q

Ewings Sarcoma

A

Teen - diaphysis - onion skin from layers of calcified periosteum
t(11:22)
Assoc. CD99

62
Q

Duchenne MD

A

XLR - lack of dystrophin

63
Q

Tx chronic gout

A

Probenecid

64
Q

Colchicine

A

Acute gout - inhibits tubulin polymerization - disrupts the cytoskeleton

65
Q

DOC if high levels of uric acid in urine?

A

Allopurinol

66
Q

HCTZ

A

Thiazide diuretic

Inhibits reabsorption of Na Cl and inhibits the excretion of uric acid = hyperuricemia and gout

67
Q

Friedrich Ataxia

A

Mut: frataxin gene

Neuro, cardiomyopathy, DM, loss proprio, DTR

68
Q

Gout synovium:

A

Needle, neg birefringent

Cloudy yellow fluid with few RBCs and normal glucose

69
Q

RA synovium:

A

Decreased glucose

70
Q

Septic arthritis synovium:

A

Grey, huge amt of neuts, i.e. 92%

decreased glucose

71
Q

+ direct Coombs

A

Autoimmune hemolysis

72
Q

SLE specific test?

A

Anti-ds DNA Abs

73
Q

SLE sensitive test?

A

ANA

74
Q

3 MC Drug induced SLE

A

H - hydralazine
I - isoniazid
P - procainamide

75
Q

FOOSH assoc with

A

Colles fx - extraarticular fx of distal radius

Scaphoid fx

76
Q

Overexpression of RANK?

A

(Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B)

Inc bone resorption - inc osteoclast activity

77
Q

Which m band is only thick myosin?

A

H band

78
Q

Where is actin bound to structural proteins?

A

Z line

79
Q

Thin myofilament?

A

Actin

80
Q

Sarcomere goes from?

A

Z to Z

81
Q

What is rheumatoid factor?

A

IgM Ab specific for Fc component of self IgG

-binds and deposits in synovium and cartilage

82
Q

Rickets d/t?

A

Excess of unmineralized matrix

83
Q

McCune Albright syn?

A

GNAS gene = activating mut in CAMP pathway

Cafe au lait spots, endocrine abnl, fibrous dysplasia of hip or pelvis

84
Q

Median n passes through?

A

2 heads of pronator teres m

Innervates - pronator teres and opponenes pollicis

85
Q

MC form of skin CA?

A

Basal cell

86
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Common on face - pearly papules, central ulceration and telangiectasias
H: palisading nuclei

87
Q

Blood to femoral head?

A

Medial femoral circumflex a

88
Q

Cleft lip failure of?

A

L max prominence to unite w L medial nasal prominence

89
Q

Cleft palate failure of?

A

Palantine shelves (max prominences) to fuse

90
Q

Common MS lesion affecting vision?

A

MLF - internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Ie. R eye doesn’t move past midline when attempting L gaze

91
Q

Rotator cuff m

A

S - supraspinatus
I - infraspinatus
t - teres minor
S - subscapularis

92
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A

Golfer from flexion

93
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Tennis from extension

94
Q

Fx to surgical neck of humerus

A

Axillary n

Loss abd shoulder, sensation to deltoid

95
Q

Fx midshaft of humerus

A

Sat night palsy

Radial n - wrist drop

96
Q

Upper trunk compression damages?

A 
Musculocutaneous n (C5-7)
Loss forearm flex and supination
97
Q

Apehand

A

Supracondylar fx of proximal humerus

Damages: median n

98
Q

Popes hand damages?

A

Median n

99
Q

Fx medial epicondyle of humerus or fx hook o’ hamate

A

Ulnar claw

Atrophy of hypothenar

100
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A

teen, tender, teen, tibia
ASA = get better
XR: center lucency, sclerotic rim

101
Q

RA HLA assoc?

A

DR4

102
Q

4 seronegative arthropathies

A 
RAPE - HLA-B27
R - reactive arthritis
A - ankylosing spondylilitis
P - psoriatic arthritis
E - enteropathic arthritis
103
Q

Lesch Nyhan Syn

A

XL
Lef HPRT - hypoaxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
MR, spastic
self-mutilation of lips, fingers

104
Q

Tophi

A

Chalky white deposits

Gout

105
Q

Tx for gout that helps excrete uric acid

A

Probenicid

106
Q

Pseudogout

A

AKA chrondrocalcinosis
Rhomboid crystals, pos birefringent
Assoc: metabolic

107
Q

Lyme dz

A

Borrelia burgdorferi
Ixodes tick
Bulls eye, migratory arthritis, 3rd degree heart block

108
Q

Ixodes tick causes what 2 things?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Babesia

109
Q

Polymyositis

A

Chronic inflam in m fibers
B/L proximal m weak
H: endomysial lymphocytic inflam

110
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

CT d/o involving inflame of skeletal m and skin
B/L prox m weak, rash upper eyelids, periorbital edema
H: perimysial and vascular lymphocytic inflam

111
Q

Inclusion body myositis

A

Asymmetric distal m weakness

Cytoplasmic vacuoles w basophilic granules and amyloid

112
Q

Duchenne Lab

A

Inc serum creatine kinase

Bx: m fibers various size, necrosis, degeneration

113
Q

Guillian Barre Syn

A

AI destruction of Schwann cells

Viral illness - ascending paralysis and loss DTR

114
Q

2 SE of opiates that don’t develop tolerance

A

Miosis

Constipation

115
Q

Mydriasis

A

D in it = dilation

116
Q

Loperamide

A

Dec in mortality in inflam BD

Crohns and UC

117
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Control D

118
Q

Baclofen

A

GABAb R agonist

119
Q

PGA2

A

Thromboxane

plt aggregation, vasoconstiction

120
Q

Epidural hematoma lucid interval?

A

PGA2 and serotonin = vasoconstriction

121
Q

PGI2

A

Prostacyclin

122
Q

PGF2

A

LatanaPROST

CarboPROST

123
Q

PROST drugs

A

Latana and Carbo

124
Q

LatanaPROST

A

Tx glaucoma, grow eyelashes, turn iris brown

125
Q

CarboPROST

A

Induce abortion

If you Fuck (PGF2) in a car, you may need an abortion

126
Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE1

Keeps PDA open

127
Q

Misoprostil

A

PGE1
M-iso-prostol
Makes more mucus, give to pregnant = abortion from vasoconstriction

128
Q

ASA MOA

A

Irreversible COX1 and COX2

81mg antiplt

129
Q

ASA 1st 15 min

A

Acidic so body will inc resp rate = blow off more CO2 = Dec PCO2 and Increased pH

130
Q

ASA 2nd 15 min

A

Acid dissociates and buffers so Decreased HCO3

131
Q

ASA 3rd 15 min

A

GABA kicks in
Inc PCO2 - less CO2 off and Dec breathing rate
Dec HCO3 and pH

132
Q

Indomethicin

A

Most potent NSAID

Closes PDA

133
Q

NSAID for dysmenorrhea

A

Naproxen

134
Q

NSAID with morphine like potency?

A

Ketorolac

135
Q

2 steroids that induce surfactant production

A

Beclomethasone

Betamethasone

136
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Best CNS penetration

Suppression test

137
Q

Drug to take the place of aldosterone in CAH

A

Fludrocortisone

138
Q

Megesterol

A

Inc appetite in CA

-makes Meg beg for food

139
Q

Tx for endometriosis

A

Danazol

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