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1
Q

Superior trunk lesion?

A

Erb Duchenne - waiters tip

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2
Q

Lesion of inferior trunk?

A

Thoracic outlet syn

Klumpkes palsy

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3
Q

Achondroplasia mut

A

AD mut in FGFR3 on chr 4

GAIN OF FXN

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4
Q

Worst type of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Type 2 - AR

-fx, blue sclera, teeth, loss hearing

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5
Q

2 dzs that cause erlenmyer flask widening of bone?

A

Osteopetrosis

Gauchers

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6
Q

Osteopetrosis and 3 diff types

A

Inherited defect in osteoclast –> no remodeling
AR - early onset
AD - adult - lots of fx
Def of carbonic anhydrase II - need CA to break down bone – get renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification

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7
Q

Another name for Paget dz?

A

Osteitis deformans

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8
Q

Paget dz

A

Think of Bethoven - skull deformity hearing loss, lion facies, hat didn’t fit
D/t hypervascularity - bone can feel warm

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9
Q

Paget dz marker?

A

Increased alk phos

Urine: hyroxyproline

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10
Q

If hat doesn’t fit, think of?

A

Paget

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11
Q

If hat, shoes and gloves don’t fit, think of?

A

Acromegaly

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12
Q

Alendronate

A

Bisphosphonate - tx for osteoporosis

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13
Q

Osteomalacia labs:

A

Decreased: Ca2+ and phosphate
Inc: alk phos

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14
Q

MC osteomyleitis:

A

S. aureus

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15
Q

MC osteomyleitis sex active:

A

N. gonorrhea

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16
Q

MC osteomyleitis sickle cell:

A

Salmonella

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17
Q

MC osteomyleitis missing complement:

A

Neiserria

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18
Q

MC osteomyleitis IV drug user or DM:

A

Pseudomonas

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19
Q

Tuberculosis osteomyelitis

A

Caseating granulomas of bone
Pott dz - vertebrae
Complication: psoas abscess

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20
Q

Osteoma assoc with what sun?

A

Gardner

+ colon polyps, skin cysts

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21
Q

Acetaminophen overdose depletes?

A

Glutathione so body can’t get rid of it

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22
Q

Acetaminophen OD antidote?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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23
Q

6 yo painless limp?

A

Avascular necrosis

AKA Legg calve perthes dz

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24
Q

Myositis ossificans

A

Runner with previous injury can get reactive calcification in soft tissue

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25
O'Donohue triad?
``` AKA Unhappy triad - lateral side of knee Injuries to: ACL MCL M meniscus ```
26
Fx proximal shaft of radius, before casting?
Supinate - protect pronator teres
27
Hangmans fracture?
Fx of pedicles of C2 d/t hyperext | ie. MVA
28
Sever disease
Young athlete - traction apophysistis of calcaneus at attachment of Achilles Tx: RICE
29
Spondylolithesis
Ant displacement - listing forward
30
SpondylolOlysis
Parts interarticularis - stress fx
31
Whiplash damages?
Ant long lig
32
Notorious cause of fever unknown origin?
Still dz - variant of juvenile RA
33
Coccygodynia
Proctalgia fugax - sudden rectal pain at noc | Incontinence, assoc birth
34
Fancy fucking name for club foot?
Talipes equinovarus
35
Severe supination sprain of ankle, pt tender at prix head of 5th metatarsal. Most likely?
Avulsion fx - tendon pulled away - MC tendon? Peroneus brevis
36
what mediates Ca2+ activation of contraction in skeletal and cardiac m?
Troponin
37
What mediates Ca2+ activation in smooth m?
Calmodulin
38
Supracondylar fx of humerus damages?
Median n. = ulnar deviation of hand on flexion of wrist
39
Ulnar lesion
Claw of 4th and 5th | Wasting hypothenar
40
Pudendal n block use?
Ischial spine as guide
41
Median n lesion
Loss sensation thumb, 1st 2 digits atrophy thenar CTS Innervates 1st lumbrical
42
MS HLA?
DR2
43
Tx for MS?
IFN-Beta
44
Cubital fossa
TAN Tendon biceps brachii A - brachial a - medial to tendon N - median n
45
Anti-microsomial Ab assoc?
Hypothyroid
46
Anti-ribonucleoprotein Ab assoc?
Mixed CT disease
47
Anti-mitochondrial Ab assoc?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
48
Anti-centromere Ab assoc?
CREST syn
49
Under rib neurovascular bundle order?
VAN - damage n if do decompression below rib
50
Femoral hernia
Exits through the femoral ring | NAVel - venous nearest the penis
51
Ant dislocated humerus?
Axillary n | loss sensation over upper lateral arm
52
Why no trach on RA pt?
Atlantoaxial joint subluxation | can = acute compression of SC or vertebral a
53
Triceps reflex?
C7
54
Charcot Marie Tooth dz
Stork like legs - lower limb m wasted | Pes cavus
55
What infection can cause Paget dz of bone?
Paramyxovirus inf of osteoclasts + genetic susceptibility
56
If radio labeled ATP injected during m contraction?
Attaches to sarcomere and myosin head detaches
57
MG caused by Abs against?
Post syn nicotinic ACh R | = dec motor end plate pot
58
Tx MG?
Pyridostigmine - AChE inhibitor
59
Lambert Eaton MG Abs against?
Voltage gated Ca2+ channel for ACh release | 50% have malignancy - ie. small cell lung CA
60
Chondrosarcoma
40-60s - hip palp lump in soft tissue just lateral to PSIS | XR: Soft tissue mass w erosion R iliac cortex
61
Ewings Sarcoma
Teen - diaphysis - onion skin from layers of calcified periosteum t(11:22) Assoc. CD99
62
Duchenne MD
XLR - lack of dystrophin
63
Tx chronic gout
Probenecid
64
Colchicine
Acute gout - inhibits tubulin polymerization - disrupts the cytoskeleton
65
DOC if high levels of uric acid in urine?
Allopurinol
66
HCTZ
Thiazide diuretic | Inhibits reabsorption of Na Cl and inhibits the excretion of uric acid = hyperuricemia and gout
67
Friedrich Ataxia
Mut: frataxin gene | Neuro, cardiomyopathy, DM, loss proprio, DTR
68
Gout synovium:
Needle, neg birefringent | Cloudy yellow fluid with few RBCs and normal glucose
69
RA synovium:
Decreased glucose
70
Septic arthritis synovium:
Grey, huge amt of neuts, i.e. 92% | decreased glucose
71
+ direct Coombs
Autoimmune hemolysis
72
SLE specific test?
Anti-ds DNA Abs
73
SLE sensitive test?
ANA
74
3 MC Drug induced SLE
H - hydralazine I - isoniazid P - procainamide
75
FOOSH assoc with
Colles fx - extraarticular fx of distal radius | Scaphoid fx
76
Overexpression of RANK?
(Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B) | Inc bone resorption - inc osteoclast activity
77
Which m band is only thick myosin?
H band
78
Where is actin bound to structural proteins?
Z line
79
Thin myofilament?
Actin
80
Sarcomere goes from?
Z to Z
81
What is rheumatoid factor?
IgM Ab specific for Fc component of self IgG | -binds and deposits in synovium and cartilage
82
Rickets d/t?
Excess of unmineralized matrix
83
McCune Albright syn?
GNAS gene = activating mut in CAMP pathway | Cafe au lait spots, endocrine abnl, fibrous dysplasia of hip or pelvis
84
Median n passes through?
2 heads of pronator teres m | Innervates - pronator teres and opponenes pollicis
85
MC form of skin CA?
Basal cell
86
Basal cell carcinoma
Common on face - pearly papules, central ulceration and telangiectasias H: palisading nuclei
87
Blood to femoral head?
Medial femoral circumflex a
88
Cleft lip failure of?
L max prominence to unite w L medial nasal prominence
89
Cleft palate failure of?
Palantine shelves (max prominences) to fuse
90
Common MS lesion affecting vision?
MLF - internuclear ophthalmoplegia | Ie. R eye doesn't move past midline when attempting L gaze
91
Rotator cuff m
S - supraspinatus I - infraspinatus t - teres minor S - subscapularis
92
Medial epicondylitis
Golfer from flexion
93
Lateral epicondylitis
Tennis from extension
94
Fx to surgical neck of humerus
Axillary n | Loss abd shoulder, sensation to deltoid
95
Fx midshaft of humerus
Sat night palsy | Radial n - wrist drop
96
Upper trunk compression damages?
``` Musculocutaneous n (C5-7) Loss forearm flex and supination ```
97
Apehand
Supracondylar fx of proximal humerus | Damages: median n
98
Popes hand damages?
Median n
99
Fx medial epicondyle of humerus or fx hook o' hamate
Ulnar claw | Atrophy of hypothenar
100
Osteoid osteoma
teen, tender, teen, tibia ASA = get better XR: center lucency, sclerotic rim
101
RA HLA assoc?
DR4
102
4 seronegative arthropathies
``` RAPE - HLA-B27 R - reactive arthritis A - ankylosing spondylilitis P - psoriatic arthritis E - enteropathic arthritis ```
103
Lesch Nyhan Syn
XL Lef HPRT - hypoaxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase MR, spastic self-mutilation of lips, fingers
104
Tophi
Chalky white deposits | Gout
105
Tx for gout that helps excrete uric acid
Probenicid
106
Pseudogout
AKA chrondrocalcinosis Rhomboid crystals, pos birefringent Assoc: metabolic
107
Lyme dz
Borrelia burgdorferi Ixodes tick Bulls eye, migratory arthritis, 3rd degree heart block
108
Ixodes tick causes what 2 things?
Borrelia burgdorferi | Babesia
109
Polymyositis
Chronic inflam in m fibers B/L proximal m weak H: endomysial lymphocytic inflam
110
Dermatomyositis
CT d/o involving inflame of skeletal m and skin B/L prox m weak, rash upper eyelids, periorbital edema H: perimysial and vascular lymphocytic inflam
111
Inclusion body myositis
Asymmetric distal m weakness | Cytoplasmic vacuoles w basophilic granules and amyloid
112
Duchenne Lab
Inc serum creatine kinase | Bx: m fibers various size, necrosis, degeneration
113
Guillian Barre Syn
AI destruction of Schwann cells | Viral illness - ascending paralysis and loss DTR
114
2 SE of opiates that don't develop tolerance
Miosis | Constipation
115
Mydriasis
D in it = dilation
116
Loperamide
Dec in mortality in inflam BD | Crohns and UC
117
Diphenoxylate
Control D
118
Baclofen
GABAb R agonist
119
PGA2
Thromboxane | plt aggregation, vasoconstiction
120
Epidural hematoma lucid interval?
PGA2 and serotonin = vasoconstriction
121
PGI2
Prostacyclin
122
PGF2
LatanaPROST | CarboPROST
123
PROST drugs
Latana and Carbo
124
LatanaPROST
Tx glaucoma, grow eyelashes, turn iris brown
125
CarboPROST
Induce abortion | If you Fuck (PGF2) in a car, you may need an abortion
126
Alprostadil
PGE1 | Keeps PDA open
127
Misoprostil
PGE1 M-iso-prostol Makes more mucus, give to pregnant = abortion from vasoconstriction
128
ASA MOA
Irreversible COX1 and COX2 | 81mg antiplt
129
ASA 1st 15 min
Acidic so body will inc resp rate = blow off more CO2 = Dec PCO2 and Increased pH
130
ASA 2nd 15 min
Acid dissociates and buffers so Decreased HCO3
131
ASA 3rd 15 min
GABA kicks in Inc PCO2 - less CO2 off and Dec breathing rate Dec HCO3 and pH
132
Indomethicin
Most potent NSAID | Closes PDA
133
NSAID for dysmenorrhea
Naproxen
134
NSAID with morphine like potency?
Ketorolac
135
2 steroids that induce surfactant production
Beclomethasone | Betamethasone
136
Dexamethasone
Best CNS penetration | Suppression test
137
Drug to take the place of aldosterone in CAH
Fludrocortisone
138
Megesterol
Inc appetite in CA | -makes Meg beg for food
139
Tx for endometriosis
Danazol

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