Kidneys Yo

Question 1

If silver stain is used:

Answer 1

Means membrano in the answer

Question 2

Silver stain with spiked BM?

Answer 2

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 3

Silver stain with split BM?

Answer 3

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Question 4

Congo red stains?

Answer 4

Amyloid

Question 5

Immunofluorescence Immune complexes

Answer 5

Granular patterns

T3 HS

Question 6

Immunofluorescence just antibodies?

Answer 6

Smooth lines - Goodpasture

Question 7

If only foot processes affected?

Answer 7

Minimal change dz

Question 8

Acute post streptococcal GN

Answer 8

Nephritic
AKA acute proliferative GN
Stripper leaves granular G strings behind that they used to cover their humps. You want to see what they have sub epithelium.
Lab: DNBase or Anti-steptolysin O
Strep pharyngitis or impetigo
Granular IgG, subepithelial immune complexes - bumps

Question 9

Goodpasture

Answer 9

Nephritic
Most progress to RPGN (crescentic)
Hemoptysis
Linear smooth IgG

Question 10

Rapidly progressive GN

Answer 10

Nephritic
AKA crescentic
Cresent formation in Bowmans space, will crush the glomerulus

Question 11

IgA nepropathy

Answer 11

Nephritic
After resp or GI inf - mucosa makes IgA to protect
Eat a burger with a french fry (guy MC) and dip in ketchup (bright red blood in urine)
Mesangial deposits of IgA and C3
Assoc: Celiac, HSP

Question 12

What two substances can estimate GFR?

Answer 12

Inulin or mannitol

Question 13

Diarrhea - type of fluid? Loss? Tx?

Answer 13

Isotonic
Contraction of EC
Tx: give bolus of NS - isotonic

Question 14

Posm equation

Answer 14

2 x Na+ + glucose/18 + urea/2.8

Question 15

Marathon runner - type fluid loss? Compartments?

Answer 15

Contract EC, hypotonic fluid so IC contracts

both get taller

Question 16

Net filtration equation

Answer 16

(Pc - Pi) - (^c - ^i) \
P = hydrostatic
Pi ^ = Oncotic
Seems like take two big numbers as the c and subtract the two small numbers

Question 17

Ex of things that are freely filtered?

Answer 17

Electrolytes - Na, K
Glucose
Creatinine
Inulin, mannitol
Urea

Question 18

Glucose transport

Answer 18

Has a transport max
BS 180-200 getting full
BS 340 = all carriers saturated
and will be excreted

Question 19

Filtered load equation?

Answer 19

GFR x Plasma conc

Question 20

Which kidney for transplant?

Answer 20

L - longer renal v

Question 21

Water under the bridge

Answer 21

Ureters go under uterine a or vas deferens

Question 22

Dirty brown casts

Answer 22

Acute tubular necrosis

-epithelial casts

Question 23

Red casts

Answer 23

Kidney bleeding

Question 24

White casts

Answer 24

Kidney infection

Question 25

Broad, waxy casts

Answer 25

Kidney failed

Question 26

RCC genetic?

Answer 26

VHL

Question 27

Weird ass place RCC can show up?

Answer 27

L sided varicocele - L testes drains into the L renal v then to IVC

Question 28

Wilms tumor AKA?

Answer 28

Nephroblastoma

Question 29

WAGR syndrome

Answer 29

``` All on chr 11 W - wilms A - aniridia - Pax 6 G - genital ambiguous R - retardation ```

Question 30

Beckwith Wiederman

Answer 30

Knockout WT-2 Increased IGF-2 --> hypoglycemia Lots of growth - tongue, body - esp one side

Question 31

Use for Mannitol? MOA?

Answer 31

decrease IOP and ICP | MOA: increases renal tubular fluid osm

Question 32

2 loop diuretics? big difference?

Answer 32

Furosemide - sulfa | Ethacrynic acid - NO sulfa

Question 33

MOA of loop?

Answer 33

Inhibit Na/K/Cl in TAL Stimulate release of PGE -- protects mucosa and dilates afferent __NSAIDS inhibit action of PGE

Question 34

Loop use? SE?

Answer 34

Acute pulm edema | SE: ototoxicity, hypoK, dehydration, gout

Question 35

Acetazolamide - class? MOA?

Answer 35

Carbonic anyhdrase inhibitor | MOA: inhibits carbonic anhydrase in PCT = Inc bicard in lumen

Question 36

Use for Acetazolamide

Answer 36

ACID-a-zolamide - so tx of metabolic alkalosis and acute mtn sickness

Question 37

Thiazide diuretics MOA?

Answer 37

Inhibit Na/Cl in DCT

Question 38

Thiazide use?

Answer 38

HTN, CHF, calcium stones, Nephrogenic DI

Question 39

SE thiazides

Answer 39

HYPER glycemia, lipids, uricemia, calcemia | HYPOkalemia and natremia

Question 40

3 K+ sparing diuretics?

Answer 40

Spironolactone | Triamterene/Amiloride