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FA facts and associations > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

MCL injury

A

valGus stress (knees toGether)

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2
Q

LCL injury

A

vaRus stress (knees faR apaRt)

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3
Q

most common rotator cuff injury –> problems initiating abduction

A

supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)

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4
Q

trouble with lateral rotation

A

infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve) = pitching injury

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5
Q

arm adduction and lateral rotation

A

teres minor (axillary nerve)

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6
Q

arm medial rotaion and adduction

A

subscapularis (subscapular nerve)

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7
Q

most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid (palpated in anatomical snuff box); also prone to AVN due to retrograde blood supply

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8
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome = entrapment of which nerve?

A

median –> parestheia, pain, numbness

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9
Q

injury classically seen in cyclists due to pressure from handlebars

A

Guyon canal syndrome = compression of ulnar nerve

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10
Q

Which 2 bones are located distal to the scaphoid?

A

Trapezium and trapezoid (“thumb swings on the trapeze”)

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11
Q

The scaphoid is distal to what bone?

A

Radius

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12
Q

Which 2 wrist bones are distal to the ulnar bone?

A

triquetrum and pisiform

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13
Q

Problems with arm abduction, lateral rotation, flexion/supination

A

What: Erb palsy (waiter’s tip)
Where: Upper trunk (C5-6) injury
How: lateral traction on neck during delivery (infants), trauma (adults)

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14
Q

Claw hand (MCPs extended, DIP/PIP flexed)

A

What: Klumpke palsy
Where: Lower trunk (C8-T1) or ulnar nerve
How: upward force on arm during delivery (infants), grabbing something while falling (adults)

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15
Q

Wrist drop

A

posterior cord injury (contributions from all trunks, gives rise to axillary and radial nerves = extensors)
or
radial nerve lesion (arises from posterior cord)

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16
Q

inability to anchor scapula to thoracic cage –> can’t abduct arm above horizontal position

A

what: winged scapula
where: lesion of long thoracic nerve
how: axillary node dissection after mastectomy, stab wounds
muscle deficit: serratus anterior

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17
Q

Deltoid paralysis

A

Axillary nerve lesion (arises from posterior cord)

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18
Q

Difficulty flexing elbow + variable sensory loss

A

musculocutaneous nerve lesion (arises from lateral cord)

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19
Q

decreased thumb function

A

median nerve lesion (flexors; arises from lateral and medial cords)

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20
Q

fractured surgical neck of humerus –> ???

A

axillary nerve damage (C5-6)
p/w flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction at shoulder (>15 degrees), loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm

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21
Q

anterior dislocation of humerus –> ???

A

axillary nerve damage (C5-6)
p/w flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction at shoulder (>15 degrees), loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm

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22
Q

??? –> loss of forearm flexion and supination + loss of sensation over lateral forearm

A

upper trunk compression

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23
Q

??? –> wrist drop, decreased grip strength (which requires wrist extension), and loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand

A

radial nerve damage (C5-T1)

caused by: midshaft fx of humerus, compression of axilla (crutches, sat night palsy)

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24
Q

??? –> flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction at shoulder (>15 degrees), loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm

A

axillary nerve damage (C5-6)

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25
Q

??? –> loss of wrist and lateral finger flexion, thumb opposition, & lumbricals of 2nd and 3rd digit

A

median nerve damage (C5-T1)

caused by: supracondylar (distal) fx of humerus

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26
Q

??? –> loss of sensation over thenar eminence and dorsal/palmar aspects of lateral 3.5 finger

A

median nerve damage (C5-T1)
caused by: carpal tunnel syndrome or wrist laceration

+ Tinel sign: tingling on percussion

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27
Q

??? –> radial deviation of wrist upon flexion

A

ulnar nerve lesion (C8-T1)

caused by: fx of medial epicondyle of humerus [ie, “funny bone”]

28
Q

??? –> loss of flexion of wrist and medial finger, abduction and adduction of fingers (interossei), and actions of medial 2 lumbrical muscles

A

ulnar nerve lesion (C8-T1)

29
Q

??? –> loss of thenar muscle group (thumb opposition, abduction, flexion) but NO loss of sensation

A

damage to recurrent branch of median nerve (C5-T1)

caused by: superficial laceration of palm

30
Q

Clawing seen best with ____ lesions?

A

Distal (rather than proximal) lesions … of median or ulnar nerves

31
Q

When asked to extend fingers (or at rest), 4th and 5th digits remain bent.
Lesion = ???

A

Distal ulnar nerve (“ulnar claw”)

32
Q

When asked to make a fist, only 4th and 5th digits bend.

Lesion = ???

A

Proximal median nerve (“pope’s blessing”)

33
Q

When asked to extend fingers (or at rest), only 4th and 5th digit extend.
Lesion = ???

A

Distal median nerve (“median claw”)

34
Q

When asked to make a fist, only 2nd and 3rd digits flex.

Lesion = ???

A

Proximal ulnar nerve (“OK gesture”)

35
Q

DAB PAD

A

Dorsal interossei ABduct

Palmar interossei ADduct

36
Q

Function of lumbricals

A

flex at MCP, extend at PIP + DIP (baby bye bye motion)

37
Q

??? –> decreased thigh sensation (medial) and decreased adduction

A

obturator nerve injury (L2-L4)

caused by: pelvic surgery

38
Q

??? –> decreased thigh flexion and leg extension

A

femoral nerve injury (L2-4)

caused by: pelvic fx

39
Q

??? –> foot drop (inversion and plantar flexion at rest)

A

common peroneal nerve (L4-S2) injury

40
Q

trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg –> ???

A

common peroneal nerve injury

41
Q

fibular neck fx –> ???

A

common peroneal nerve injury

42
Q

common peroneal nerve injury –> loss of sensation on ???

A

dorsum of foot

43
Q

??? –> inability to curl toes and loss of sensation on sole of foot

A

tibial nerve injury (L4-S3)

caused by: knee trauma, Baker cyst (proximal lesion), tarsal tunnel syndrome (distal lesion)

44
Q

sciatic nerve is derived from ??? and gives rise to ???

A

derived from L4-S3;

gives rise to common peroneal and tibial nerves

45
Q

trendelenburg sign/gait

  • nerve
  • muscle
  • hip drops to ??? side
A
  • superior gluteal nerve injury
  • problems innervating gluteus medius and minimus
  • contralateral
46
Q

causes of superior gluteal nerve injury (trendelenburg gait)

A

posterior hip dislocation, polio

47
Q

inferior gluteal nerve injury –> ???

A

difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position, loss of hip extension

48
Q

PED TIP

A

Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot is dropPED

Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured, can’t stand on TIP-toes

49
Q

axilla/lateral thorax (nerve, artery)

A

nerve: long thoracic
artery: lateral thoracic

50
Q

surgical neck (proximal end) of humerus (nerve, artery)

A

nerve: axillary
artery: posterior circumflex

51
Q

midshaft of humerus (nerve, artery)

A

nerve: radial
artery: deep brachial

52
Q

distal humerus (epicondyles)/cubital fossa (nerve, artery)

A

nerve: median
artery: brachial

53
Q

popliteal fossa (nerve, artery)

A

nerve: tibial
artery: popliteal

54
Q

posterior to medial malleolus (nerve, artery)

A

nerve: tibial
artery: posterior tibial

55
Q

type 1 muscle

A

slow, red (lots of mitochondria), oxidative phosphorylation

56
Q

type 2 muscle

A

fast, white, anaerobic glycolysis;

used in weight training

57
Q

endochondral ossification

A

what: chondrocytes makes cartilage –> later replaced by woven and then lamellar bone (osteoclasts and blasts)
where: axial and appendicular skeleton

58
Q

membranous ossification

A

what: woven bone withOUT cartilage –> later lamellar
where: calvarium and facial bones

59
Q

What serum/lab abnormalities are seen in osteoporosis?

A

NONE

60
Q

What serum/lab abnormalities are seen in Paget dz?

A

isolated elevated alk phos

61
Q

What serum/lab abnormalities are seen in osteomalacia/rickets?

A

low vit D –> low Ca2+ (absorption from gut) –> elevated PTH –> low PO4^3- (renal loss); elevated alk phos

62
Q

What serum/lab abnormalities are seen in hypervitaminosis D?

A

elevated vit D –> elevated Ca2+ and PO4^3- –> low PTH (neg. feedback); no change in alk phos

63
Q

What serum/lab abnormalities are seen in primary hyperPTH (subtype of osteitis fibrosa cystica)?

A

elevated PTH –> elevated Ca2+ and low PO4^3-; elevated alk phos

64
Q

What serum/lab abnormalities are seen in secondary hyperPTH (subtype of osteitis fibrosa cystica)?

A

renal failure –> low Ca2+ and elevated PO4^3- –> elevated PTH (loss of neg. feedback); elevated alk phos

65
Q

alk phos = sign of ??? activity

A

osteoBlastic (remember: PTH activates osteoblasts which activate osteoclasts)

FA facts and associations (4 decks)

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