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FA facts and associations > Immunology (+ a little pathology) > Flashcards

Immunology (+ a little pathology) Flashcards

1
Q

HLA A3

A

Hemochromatosis

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2
Q

HLA B27

A

Psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD, Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome)

PAIR

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3
Q

HLA DQ2/DQ8

A

Celiac

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4
Q

HLA DR2

A

MS, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture

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5
Q

HLA DR3

A

T1DM, SLE, Graves dz

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6
Q

HLA DR4

A

RA, T1DM

There are 4 walls in a “rheum” (RA)

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7
Q

HLA DR5

A

Pernicious anemia, Hashimoto thyroiditis

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8
Q

BCR-ABL

A

CML (, ALL) = tyrosine kinase (oncogene)

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9
Q

bcl-2

A

Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas = anti-apoptotic molecule (oncogene)

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10
Q

BRAF

A

Melanoma = serine/threonine kinase (oncogene)

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11
Q

c-kit

A

GI stromal tumor = cytokine receptor for stem cell (oncogene)

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12
Q

c-myc

A

Burkitt lymphoma = transcription factor (oncogene)

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13
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

A

breast, ovarian, gastric ca = TK (oncogene)

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14
Q

L-myc

A

Lung tumor = transcription factor (oncogene)

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15
Q

N-myc

A

neuroblastoma = transcription factor (oncogene)

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16
Q

ras

A

colon ca, lung ca, pancreatic ca = GTPase (oncogene)

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17
Q

ret

A

MEN 2 = TK (oncogene)

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18
Q

APC

A

colorectal cancer (tumor suppressor)

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19
Q

BRCA (1&2)

A

breast and ovarian cancer = DNA repair protein (tumor suppressor)

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20
Q

CPD4/SMAD4

A

pancreatic cancer = DPC (tumor suppressor)

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21
Q

DCC

A

colon cancer = DCC (tumor suppressor)

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22
Q

MEN1

A

MEN1 (tumor suppressor)

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23
Q

NF1

A

neurofibromatosis type 1 = RAS GTPase activating protein [neurofibromin] (tumor suppressor)

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24
Q

NF2

A

neurofibromatosis type 2 = Merlin (schwanomin) protein (tumor suppressor)

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25
Q

p16

A

melanoma = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (tumor suppressor)

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26
Q

p53

A

most human cancers; Li-Fraumeni syndrome = transcription factor for p21, blocks G1 –> S phase (tumor suppressor)

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27
Q

PTEN

A

breast ca, prostate ca, endometrial ca (tumor suppressor)

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28
Q

Rb

A

Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma = inhibits E2F; blocks G1 –> S phase (tumor suppressor)

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29
Q

TSC1

A

tuberous sclerosis = hamartin protein (tumor suppressor)

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30
Q

TSC2

A

tuberous sclerosis = tuberin protein (tumor suppressor)

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31
Q

VHL

A

von Hippel-Lindau dz = inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a (tumor suppressor)

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32
Q

WT1/WT2

A

Wilms Tumor - nephroblastoma (tumor suppressor)

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33
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

A

mets to bone, liver, Paget dz of bone, seminoma (placental ALP)

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34
Q

alpha-fetoprotein

A

normally made by fetus; HCC, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor (co-secreted with beta-hCG)

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35
Q

beta-hCG

A

pregnancy; hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma, testicular ca

36
Q

CA-15-3

A

breast cancer

37
Q

CA-27-29

A

breast cancer

38
Q

CA-19-9

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

39
Q

CA-125

A

ovarian ca

40
Q

calcitonin

A

medullary thyroid carcinoma

41
Q

CEA

A

very nonspecific, but produced by ~70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers;
also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid ca

42
Q

PSA

A

prostate adenocarcinoma; can also be elevated in BPH and prostatitis

43
Q

S-100

A

neural crest origin (eg melanoma, neural tumors, schwannomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

44
Q

TRAP

A

hairy cell leukemia (B-cell neoplasm)

45
Q

Granuloma formation (major components)

A

macrophage + Th1 –> IL-12 + IFN-gamma –> granuloma (containing epithelioid histiocytes, ie macrophages)

46
Q

Expression of MHC I

A

All nucleated cell (ie not RBCs)

47
Q

Expression of MHC II

A

APCs only (B cells, macrophages, DCs)

48
Q

T cell activation: signals 1 and 2

A

Signal 1: MHC I/II recognized by TCR

Signal 2: costimulatory B7 (on APC) binds to CD28 on T-cell

49
Q

B cell activation: signals 1 and 2

A 
Signal 1: TCR on Th binds MHC II on B-cell
Signal 2: CD40L (Th) binds CD40 (B-cell) --> class switching, affinity maturation, antibody production
50
Q

IgG unique features

A

most abundant isotype in serum
main antibody in DELAYED response to antigen
crosses placenta

51
Q

IgA unique features

A

secretory –> prevents attachment of bacteria/viruses to mucous membranes
colostrum = present in early breast milk

52
Q

acute phase reactants

A

made by: liver
present in: acute and chronic inflammatory states
induced by: IL-6, IL-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma
examples: serum amyloid A, CRP, hepcidin (anemia of chronic dz), ferritin, fibrinogen

53
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

A

loss of inhibition –> increased inflammation
causes hereditary angioedema
ACEi = contraindicated

54
Q

C5-C9 deficiency

A

inability to form MAC

increased risk of Neisseria bacteremia

55
Q

Decay acceleration factor/DAF (GPI anchored enzyme) deficiency

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

56
Q

Hot T-bone stEAK

A 
IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: T-cell growth
IL-3: BONE marrow growth/differentiation
IL-4: IgE production (& IgG)
IL-5: IgA production (+ eosinophils)
IL-6: aKute-phase protein production
57
Q

IL-8

A

chemokine for neutrophils

“clean up in aisle (IL) - 8”

58
Q

IL-12

A

Th –> Th1

Activates NK cells

59
Q

TNF-alpha

A

septic shock

60
Q

IL-10

A

secreted by T_reg and macrophages

modulates inflammatory response; inhibits activated T cell and Th1 (like TGF-beta)

61
Q

TGF-beta

A

involved in inhibiting inflammation (like IL-10)

62
Q

Interferon alpha and beta

A

glycoproteins = part of innate defense against viruses,
secreted by viral-infected cells,
act locally on uninfected cells –> RNAase L, Protein kinase –> apoptosis [like a suicide mission; take one for the team]

63
Q

CD3

A

T-cell surface protein

64
Q

CD28

A

T-cell surface protein (binds B7 on APC)

65
Q

CD19, 20, 21, 40

A

B cell surface protein

66
Q

CD14

A

Macrophage surface protein

67
Q

MHC II, B7

A

APC surface protein (important for T-cell activation)

68
Q

Superantigens

A

cross-link T-cell receptor and MHC II on APC –> massive release of cytokines;
seen on S. pyogenes and S. aureus

69
Q

Antitoxins

A

a form of passive immunity;

give following exposure to Tetanus, Botulinum, HBV, or Rabies = To Be Healed Rapidly

70
Q

Examples of LIVE attenuated vaccines

A

MMR, polio (Sabin = oral), influenza (intranasal), varicella, yellow fever

71
Q

Examples of INACTIVATED/KILLED vaccines

A

cholera, hep A, polio (Salk = injection), influenza (injection), rabies

72
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions mnemonic: ACID

A

Type I: Anaphylactic and Atopic
Type II: Cytotoxic (antibody-mediated)
Type III: Immune complex deposition
Type IV: Delayed (cell-mediated, no antibody involvement)

73
Q

Anti-ACh receptor

A

MG

74
Q

Anti-glutamate decarboxylase

A

T1DM

75
Q

Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2

A

poly- and dermato-myositis

76
Q

Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

77
Q

Anti-smooth muscle

A

autoimmune hepatitis

78
Q

Anti-SSA, SSB

A

Sjogren’s

79
Q

Anti-Ro, La

A

Sjogren’s

80
Q

Anti-U1 RNP

A

Mixed connective tissue dz (features of SLE. systemic sclerosis, polymyositis)

81
Q

Anti-CCP

A

RA

82
Q

Recurrent bacterial skin and mucosal infections, absent pus formation, delayed separation of umbilical cord

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiency (type 1),
defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD-18) protein on phagocytes –> impaired migration and chemotaxis;
AR
labs: increased neutrophils (b/c decreased marginated pool)

83
Q

Catalase positive organisms

A

PLACESS-N:
pseudomonas (cepacia), listeria, aspergillus, candida, e coli, s. aureus, serratia, norcadia;
increased risk in CGD

84
Q

Negative nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction test

A

chronic granulomatous disease (defect of NADPH oxidases –> inability to form oxidative burst)

85
Q

Risk of PML in pts with JC virus

A

natalizumab = alpha-4 integrin antibody

used to tx MS, Crohn’s

86
Q

Bugs for which polysaccharide components can be covalently bound to protein carriers and used as vaccine antigens

A

Encapsulated bacteria (eg SHiN: strep pneumo, HiB, Neisseria meningitidis)

FA facts and associations (4 decks)

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