MSK Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of Codeine?
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of Paracetamol?
Inhibition of prostaglandins
What is the mechanism of action of Sertraline?
Sertraline inhibits CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin
What is the mechanism of action of Amitriptyline?
Blocks the re-uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in presynaptic terminals
What is the mechanism of action of Valproic acid?
Inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels
What is the mechanism of action of Ibuprofen?
Reversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2
What drug classification does Codeine belong to?
Opiates
What drug classification does Paracetamol belong to?
Analgesics and Antipyretics
What drug classification does Sertraline and Paroxetine belong to?
Antidepressants - serotonin reuptake inhibitor class
What drug classification does Amitriptyline belong to?
Tricyclic Antidepressants
What drug classification does Valproic acid belong to?
Anticonvulsants
What drug classification does Ibuprofen belong to?
NSAIDs
When would Codeine be prescribed?
Relief of mild-to-moderate pain
When would Ibuprofen be prescribed?
To reduce general aches and pains (headaches, menstrual pain etc)
Alleviating pain in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout
When would Valproic acid be prescribed?
Bipolar disorder and sometimes epilepsy
When would Amitriptyline be prescribed?
Depression
When would Sertraline be prescribed?
Depression, anxiety and OCDd
When would Paracetamol be prescribed?
Relief of mild-to-moderate pain - headaches, toothache etc, and to reduce fever
What is the mechanism of action of Carbamazepine?
Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in their inactive state, preventing repetitive and sustained firing of an action potential
When would Carbamazepine be prescribed?
Epilepsy, bipolar disorder or trigeminal neuralgia / peripheral neuropathy
What is Allopurinol?
A drug that reduces blood uric acid levels
What is the mechanism of action of Allopurinol?
Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase - limits hypoxanthine conversion to (xanthine then) uric acid
What is Colchicine?
An anti inflammatory drug used to treat symptoms of Gout attacks
What is the mechanism of action of Colchicine?
Colchicine disrupts cytoskeletal functions by inhibiting β-tubulin polymerization into microtubules
It binds to neutrophils and prevent them from migrating to areas where uric acid crystals have accumulated
What are Cytokine modulators?
Agents that can either enhance or suppress the activity of cytokines
What class of drug does methotrexate, sulfasalazine, adalimumab, infliximab, apremilast and tofacitinib belong to?
DMARDs
What class of drugs do flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen belong to?
NSAIDs
When would Allopurinol be prescribed?
In patients with gout
When would Colchicine be prescribed?
In patients with an acute gout attack
When would cytokine modulators be prescribed?
Prescribed after failure of at least 2 standard DMARDs in inflammatory rheumatoid conditions (RA, PsA)
Alternatively after failure of two NSAIDs in ankylosing spondylitis
When would DMARDs be prescribed?
Commonly rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
When would NSAIDs be prescribed?
For the relief of pain
They should ideally be prescribed alongside a PPI to reduce gastrointestinal impacts
