MSK Flashcards

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1
Q

With aging, bone calcium loss can result in:

A

Fractures

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2
Q

Joint stiffness and pain is the result of:

A

Articular cartilage wearing down

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3
Q

Falls can indicate:

A

Muscle strength declines

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4
Q

Other factors of the aging MSK are:

A

Decreased elasticity of ligaments/tendons/cartilage
Posture/gait changes
Poor nutrition/hormone loss
Occupational hazards (cartilage loss)

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5
Q

What should be included in nursing history?

A

Mobility/assistive devices
Psycho-social info
Adls
Joint pain assessment
Previous MSK injury/congenial defect
Nutrition/wt. assessment
Potential risk factors

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6
Q

During physical exams you should compare _______ to the _________

A

Affected extremity to unaffected extremity

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7
Q

Pain unrelieved by narcs should be:

A

Reported to RN/Dr.

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8
Q

Abnormal capillary refill is about how many seconds?

A

Anything over 3-5 seconds..report to Dr.

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9
Q

Peripheral pulses should be _____ to the injury

A

Distal

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10
Q

During an edema assessment, you assess:

A

Inflammation & fluid status I.e. WNL, +1 +2 +3 +4 & pitting

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11
Q

Tingling/paresthesia/numbness/absence of sensation are apart of:

A

Assessing sensory nerves

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12
Q

Limited or absent refers to

A

assessing motor nerves

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13
Q

Describe the pain assessment factors

A

Location, duration, interventions/effectiveness, quality/severity (0-10), precipitating factors, when pain started, radiation

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14
Q

This is a pain reliever

A

Analgesic

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15
Q

What are some diagnostic tests for MSK?

A

Calcium total (Paget’s disease)..count: 8.4-10.2 phosphorus, alkaline phosphate total (Paget’s disease), myoglobin, creatine kinase..high level=tissue damage, CK3 (MM) isoenzyme, uric acid…high level indicate gout, ESR…level should be less than 20, CBC

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16
Q

What are factors of complete blood count testing?

A

Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count (4.5-10.5 cells/L), platelet count (150,000-450,000/mcL

17
Q

Coagulation profile consists of:

A

•activated partial thromboplastin time (aTTP): uses heparin therapy, antidote is protamine sulfate
•prothrombin time (PT): warfarin therapy, antidote is vitamin k
•international normalized ratio (INR): anticoagulant PTs, warfarin therapy, antidote is vitamin k

18
Q

Heparin and warfarin are:

A

Blood thinners (anticoagulants)

19
Q

Strain vs sprain

A

•Strain: tendon or muscle excessively stretched…tearing occurs…RICE used
•sprain: ligament excessively stretched from twisting…RICE used

20
Q

A dislocation is:

A

Any joint in which ends of bones are forced from normal position

21
Q

Median nerve swelling within carpel tunnel is:

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

22
Q

A hematoma may occur with a contusion due to:

A

Soft tissue injury by blunt force

23
Q

A break in a bone is a:

A

Fracture

24
Q

______ & ______ may cause a fracture

A

Stress and pathological issues

25
Q

An ______ fracture could risk the result of shock, hypovolemia, & osteomyelitis

A

Open

26
Q

A ____ doesn’t break skin but tachycardia and. Hypotension should be monitored

A

Closed

27
Q

What are factors of fracture pathophysiology

A

•Body tries to repair fracture immediately
•adults > hematoma forms at fracture site 48-72 hours post injury
•callus -non bony union- forms after week
•healing depends on age/fracture location…avg. young healthy adult bones heal in ~6 weeks
•vitamin D&C, calcium, protein, hydration intake important during healing

28
Q

What are some fracture symptoms

A

Pain, decreased ROM, limb rotation, deformity/shortening of limb, edema, ecchymosis, muscles spasms, crepitus

29
Q

What are the fracture types?

A

•Displaced (unaligned)
•incomplete (unbroken in 2)
•complete (broken in 2)
•greenstick (bend/split; children)
•comminuted (splinters/shatters..fragments)
•impacted (bone goes into another)
•avulsion (bone torn from main bone…still attached to ligament/tendon)
•patho/neo (weakened bone»tumor/tumor pressure)
•compression (vertebrae collapse)
•spiral (from twisting motion)
•stress (overuse)
•longitudinal (on length of bone)
•oblique (diagonally)
•transverse (horizontally)

30
Q

What’s the point of traction?

A

● Immobilize a fracture
● Maintain proper alignment of an extremity
● Relieve muscle spasm and relieve pain following injury, fracture or surgery
● Prevent soft tissue injury

31
Q

Hemoglobin value less than 7 likely requires

A

Transfusion

32
Q

What’s the 6 Ps of compartment syndrome & what is compartment syndrome ?

A

It’s compartments of fascia sheaths being pressured in reduced circulation

Pain, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Pallor, Pulselessness, Poikilothermia

33
Q

______ & _____ should be accounted for before MRIs with contrast

A

Claustrophobia and metal

34
Q

Contrast allergy and kidney function relate to

A

CT with contrast

35
Q

High uric acid levels are associated with

A

Gout

36
Q

Post op for hip fracture includes

A

Buck’s traction, pain control, N-V assessment, correct co-existing conditions

37
Q

GFR, BUN, & creatinine levels should be tested before

A

CT scan