IMMUNOLOGY/INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Question 1

Disease-producing organism that enters the body when given opportunity

Answer 1

opportunistic infection

Question 2

example of opportunistic infection

Answer 2

C. Diff (clostridium difficle)

Question 3

true pathogen is :

Answer 3

organisms with ability to invade individual’s healthy tissues through self-inherent power; don’t require special conditions to infect

Question 4

bacterial pneumonia is an_____ because its course is _____.

Answer 4

acute infection, rapid/severe

Question 5

Hepatitis C is a _____ infection because its course is ____

Answer 5

chronic, slow/lengthy

Question 6

some infections can start as a ____ process then develop into a ____process

Answer 6

acute, chronic

Question 7

what are the 4 steps of the infectious disease course?

Answer 7

Incubation: entrance of microbes & beginning of symptoms
Prodromal: earliest symptoms begin
Acute: timeframe of actual illness*
Convalescent: febrile decline and acute symptoms

*pt will experience the most pain/discomfort during acute stage

Question 8

an abscess in one area is an example of:

Answer 8

local infection

Question 9

abscessed teeth are an example of:

Answer 9

focal infection

Question 10

causative agent’s 2 factors are ___ of organisms and the ____ of the organism

Answer 10

number, virulence

Question 11

what are the links of the chain of infection?

Answer 11

causative agent
reservoir: where pathogen lives
Port of exit: how pathogen leaves
mode of transmission: how pathogen transports
entry portal: how pathogen enters new host
susceptible host: depending on if host is resistant or susceptible

Question 12

true or false: a gram-positive organism DOESNT retain the dye stain

Answer 12

false

Question 13

what occurs in species and prevents one species from contracting an illness from another?

Answer 13

natural immunity

Question 14

what is innate immunity?

Answer 14

genetic or inherited immunity

Question 15

active and passive immunity is ____ immunity

Answer 15

acquired

Question 16

phagocytosis is:

Answer 16

the power of WBCs to engulf foreign material

Question 17

the most important, non-specific defense response of living body tissue to injurious agent is :

Answer 17

inflammatory response

Question 18

inflammatory response process is:

Answer 18

localization, removal, neutralization/destruction, and repairing damage

Question 19

redness, warmth, edema, and pain are ___ inflammatory responses

Answer 19

local

Question 20

systemic inflammatory responses are:

Answer 20

fever and leukocytosis

Question 21

the intensity of the inflammatory response depends on the __________ __ __ ____

Answer 21

resistance of the host

Question 22

increased resistance to an organism is:

Answer 22

specific immunity

Question 23

antigen

Answer 23

foreign particle/protein whose host entrance stimulates antibody production

Question 24

antibody

Answer 24

bodily response to an antigen

Question 25

bodily response of producing antibodies to a specific antigen (long-term):

Answer 25

active immunity

Question 26

immunity built up another person or animal (short-term):

Answer 26

passive immunity

Question 27

give an example of natural active and artificial active immunity

Answer 27

natural: contracting disease
artificial: vaccines

Question 28

give an example of passive natural and passive artificial immunity?

Answer 28

natural: mom to baby
artificial: gamma globulin injection, snake venom

Question 29

epidemic

Answer 29

disease affecting large number of community members simultaneously

Question 30

endemic

Answer 30

disease constantly present in an area with limited number of cases

Question 31

pandemic

Answer 31

worldwide outbreak of disease

Question 32

antisepsis

Answer 32

destroys microbes on inanimate objects

Question 33

asepsis

Answer 33

absence of microbes

Question 34

____ inhibits bacteria growth

Answer 34

bacteriostatic

Question 35

____ kills bacteria

Answer 35

bacteriocidal

Question 36

a ___ is an animate/inanimate transmission object

Answer 36

vector

Question 37

true or false: autoclaving is the most reliable method of sterilization

Answer 37

true

Question 38

what did Koch define?

Answer 38

microbe is causative agent of disease

Question 39

what kind of infection can be easily communicated, natrually/unnaturally?

Answer 39

communicable disease