msk

Question 1

causes of warm knees

Answer 1

inflammatory condition…
osteoarthritis
septic arthritis

Question 2

causes of effusion

Answer 2

arthritis - septic/ osteo
ACL rupture, meniscal damage

Question 3

flexion of knee -> hamstring muscles

Answer 3

biceps femori
semitendinous
semimembranous
(gracilis)

Question 4

extension of knee -> quadriceps

Answer 4

vastus intermedius, medialis, lateralis and recuts femoris
quadriceps tendon
patella
patellar tendon
tibial tuberosity

Question 5

what is the trendelenburg test

Answer 5

tests gluteus medius and minimus. pt asked to lift one leg off the floor, holding iliac crest, foot being examined is the foot on the floor. positive -> abductors not functioning, pelvis pulled down

Question 6

compartment syndrome (what is it, causes, symptoms)

Answer 6

high pressure in muscle compartment which blocks venous drainage, can lead to muscle ischaemia and death

causes: fractures, burns, infection, prolonged limb compression

symptoms:
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Perishingly cold
Pain
Paraesthesia

Question 7

outline the tests for ACL tears

Answer 7

Lachman test, anterior drawer test