MSK Flashcards

Question

Soft tissue calcification

Answer 1

Dystrophic = MC (if ossified, it’s heterotopic ossification) - Trauma - Infection (esp. parasitic) - Dermatomyositis / polymyositis / scleroderma - Venous insufficiency (phleboliths) Other causes (remember, 3 sound like cancer even though only one is): - CPPD / HADD - Metastatic calcification - Tumoural calcinosis, calcinosis of chronic renal failure - Sarcoma (synovial, osteosarc)

Answer 2

Unilateral (trauma, infection) | Bilateral (gout, RA)

Answer 3

``` Supply problem (denervation, ischemia) Primary myopathy Direct insult (trauma, infection, radiation) ```

Answer 4

``` Benign - Osteoblastoma / osteoid osteoma - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Giant cell tumour Malignant - Myeloma - Metastasis - Chondrosarcoma ```

Answer 5

``` Chordoma Giant cell tumour Langerhans cell histiocytosis Ewing sarcoma Lymphoma Metastasis Myeloma ```

Answer 6

``` Fibrous dysplasia ABC Mets Myeloma Enchondroma Eosinophilic granuloma ```

Answer 7

``` Bone (osteosarcoma) Breast Brain (medulloblastoma) Bronchus (carcinoid) Bladder (TCC) Bowel (mucinous) Lymphoma Prostate ```

Answer 8

Mets: breast, lung, cervix, testicular, prostate, ganglioneuroblastoma Brown tumour POEMS

Answer 9

Mets / myeloma / lymphoma Sarcoma Osteomyelitis Brown tumour (sometimes)

Answer 10

Met from childhood malignancy / Ewings / lymphoma / leukemia Sarcoma Osteomyelitis LCH

Answer 11

``` Medullary - Fibrous dysplasia - ABC / UBC - Enchondroma Cortical - Fibroxanthoma (FCD and NOF) - Osteoblastoma / osteoid osteoma Either - Brown tumour - Chondromyxoid fibroma ```

Answer 12

``` Neoplasm - Giant cell tumour - Clear cell chondrosarcoma - Mets / myeloma / lymphoma Osteomyelitis (Brodie's abscess) Other lesions (geode, subchondral lesion, AVN) ```

Answer 13

Chondroblastoma LCH Osteomyelitis / Brodie's abscess

Answer 14

Mets / myeloma / lymphoma Brown tumors / HPT Fibrous dysplasia

Answer 15

``` ABC - Primary - Secondary (GCT, osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma) Telangiectatic osteosarcoma Expansile met Pseudotumor from hemophilia ```

Answer 16

``` Bronchogenic (cookie bite sign) Breast Melanoma RCC Epidermoid ```

Answer 17

``` Stress fracture / reaction Trauma / contusion Osteomyelitis Infiltrative neoplasm Radiation ```

Answer 18

``` Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy - Secondary (lung malignancy, CF, endocarditis, IBD, etc.) - Primary (pachydermo-periostitis) Venous insufficiency Thyroid acropachy ```

Answer 19

``` Psoriasis Injury: thermal burn, frostbite Neuropathy: diabetes, leprosy Collagen vascular disease: scleroderma, Raynaud, mixed CTD Hyperparathyroidism Familial: Hajdu Cheney Other: PVC exposure ```

Answer 20

``` Scleroderma / Raynauld’s (look at soft tissues of fingertips and for calcs) Psoriatic / Reactive arthritis Thermal injury Hyperparathyroidism Drugs (phenytoin / ergot poisoning) ```

Answer 21

Hyperparathyroidism PVC exposure Primary acro-osteolysis (Hajdu-Cheney)

Answer 22

Epidermal inclusion cyst Glomus tumour Subungual mets (lung, GU, breast) Trauma

Answer 23

``` Idiopathic Drugs (steroids, chemo, NSAIDs, alcohol) Traumatic Inflammatory (vasculitis, SLE, CTD, pancreatitis) Deposition disease Caisson disease Pregnancy ```

Answer 24

Mets / lymphoma / sarcoma / chordoma Hemangioma Paget's TB

Answer 25

``` Young - LCH - Neuroblastoma metastasis - Leukemia / lymphoma - Infection: bacterial, TB - Trauma - Ewing Old - Mets / myeloma / lymphoma - Trauma, osteoporotic compression #, Kummel's osteonecrosis (if intervertebral vacuum phenomenon) - Infection ```

Answer 26

Focal (post-trauma, post-infectious) | Diffuse (osteopetrosis)

Answer 27

``` Rugger jersey spine: - Renal osteodystrophy / HPT Sandwich vertebrae (denser and more sharply defined): - Osteopetrosis Picture frame vertebral body: - Paget ```

Answer 28

Sickle cell anemia | Gaucher

Answer 29

``` Leukemia / lymphoma Infection (TORCH) Neuroblastoma mets Endocrine: rickets, scurvy, hypervitaminosis D (Prematurity, hospitalization) ```

Answer 30

``` Growth arrest lines Healing rickets Lead poisoning Scurvy Bisphosphonate therapy (zebra stripe sign) Normal variant (look for normal fibula) ```

Answer 31

Osteochondromas: Multiple hereditary exostoses Enchondromas: Ollier’s, Maffucci’s (soft tissue hemangiomas) Fibroxanthomas: Jaffe-Campanacci Fibrous dysplasia: McCune-Albright (café au lait spots, precocious puberty), Mazabraud (intramuscular myxomas) Osteomas: Gardner’s (polyposis, desmoids) LCH: Hans-Schuller-Christian (diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos), Letterer-Siwe (visceral involvement poor prognosis) Angiomas: Cystic angiomatosis, lymphangiomatosis

Answer 32

``` Sclerotic mets / lymphoma/ POEMS Myelofibrosis and mastocytosis Renal osteodystrophy Fluorosis Mild osteopetrosis ```

Answer 33

``` Osteoporosis Osteomalacia (vit D / calcium / phosphate deficiency) Osteogenesis imperfecta Hyperparathyroidism Diffuse tumor (most often myeloma) ```

Answer 34

``` Age Meds (steroids, heparin, Dilantin, etc.) Endocrine (menopause, amenorrhea, Cushing’s hypogonadism) Diet (poor calcium intake, anorexia) Anemia (sickle cell, thalassemia) Liver disease ```

Answer 35

``` Anemia (thalassemia, sickle cell) Gaucher Niemann-Pick Leukemia Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Multiple hereditary exostosis ```

Answer 36

``` Craniometaphyseal dysplasias Hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell, thalassemia) Osteopetrosis Niemann-Pick Gaucher’s ```

Answer 37

``` Basal cell nevus syndrome Idiopathic Chromosomal (Turners) Pseudo and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism Noonan syndrome ```

Answer 38

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa Vascular lesions Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome Neurofibromatosis

Answer 39

``` Pyknodysostosis Osteogenesis imperfecta Rickets Kinky-hair syndrome Cleidocranial dysostosis Hypothyroidism / hypophosphatasia Otopalatodigital syndrome Primary acro-osteolysis / Primary HOA (pachydermoperiostitis) / progeria Syndrome of Downs ```

Answer 40

Achondroplasia | Thanatophoric dysplasia

Answer 41

Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (Acro)Mesomelic dysplasia (different types, may be mesomelic or acromesomelic) Ellis-van Crevald (acromesomelic)

Answer 42

Jeune syndrome / asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy | Peripheral dysostosis

Answer 43

``` Benign - Myelodysplastic syndrome - Myelofibrosis - Mastocytosis - Gaucher disease Malignant - Mets / myeloma / lymphoma / leukemia - Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia - Sarcoma (e.g. dense osteoid) ```

Answer 44

Physiologic (athletes, living at altitude) Hypoxemia (smoking, anemia) Hematopoietic stimulation (drugs, obesity)

Answer 45

Anorexia / cachexia / malnutrition (including alcoholism) - look for loss of subq fat Malignancy Heart failure Other severe systemic illness

Answer 46

``` Periprosthetic fracture Malalignment Loosening Infection Particle disease ```

Answer 47

Motion > 2 mm periprosthetic lucency New / enlarging periprosthetic lucency

Answer 48

Aseptic (micromotion) Infection Particle disease

Answer 49

``` Scleroderma Hyperparathyroidism Infection Rheumatoid arthritis Trauma ```