GU Flashcards
Well defined solid renal mass
Neoplasm - RCC - oncocytoma - (lipid poor) AML - mets / lymphoma Infection - abscess / lobar nephronia - focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis - TB Sarcoid IgG4
Ill-defined renal mass(es) / striated nephrogram
Neoplasm - urothelial Ca - mets / lymphoma Pyelonephritis Contusion Urine in / out - glomerulonephritis / vasculitis / sarcoid - urinary outflow obstruction Blood in / out - infarct / arterial ischemia - renal vein thrombosis
Cystic renal mass
Neoplasm (Cystic RCC, multilocular cystic nephroma)
Cyst (simple / complex / hemorrhagic)
Collection (abscess, hematoma, echinococcal cyst)
Caliceal diverticulum
Perinephric soft tissue
Neoplasm (lymphoma, Walderstrom’s macroglobulinemia)
Fibrotic / granulomatous (retroperitoneal fibrosis, Erdheim-Chester)
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Hematoma
Perinephric fluid
Urinoma Abscess Seroma Lymphocele Hematoma
Diffuse renal enlargement / echogenic kidneys
Lymphoma (most commonly Burkitt’s) Infectious - pyelonephritis - HIV nephropathy Autoimmune - acute glomerulonephritis - GPA / SLE / PAN / HSP Outflow obstruction (ureteric, renal vein)
Unilateral small smooth kidney
Postobstructive atrophy (some residual collecting system dilation)
Longstanding renal vascular disease (nondilated collecting system)
Congenital unilateral hypoplastic kidney (nondilated collecting system, enlarged contralateral kidney)
Causes of papillary necrosis (NSOID)
NSAIDs / acetaminophen / analgesic abuse Sickle cell Obstruction (hydronephrosis or renal vein thrombus) Infection (pyelo, TB) Diabetes / dehydration
Medullary nephrocalcinosis
H: hyperparathyroidism A: (renal tubular) acidosis M: medullary sponge kidney H: hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria O: oxalosis P: papillary necrosis
Cortical nephrocalcinosis
C: cortical necrosis
O: oxalosis
A: Alport syndrome
G: (chronic) glomerulonephritis
High resistance waveform in transplant kidney
Rejection ATN Post-surgical edema Renal vein thrombosis Hydronephrosis Extrinsic compression (e.g. hematoma)
Intraluminal filling defect - collecting system
Stone / blood / gas
TCC
Fungal ball
Sloughed papillae from papillary necrosis
Gas in collecting system
Emphysematous pyelitis
Recent instrumentation
Fistula to bowel
Deformed calyces
Papillary necrosis
Medullary sponge kidney (renal tubular ectasia)
TB
TCC
Absence of reflux into ureters post-conduit in conduitogram
Underdistention of the conduit
Anti-reflux surgical technique
Stenosis at the ureteroenteric anastomosis
Recurrence of tumour at the anastomosis
Calcification at the UVJ
Stone
Ureterocele with stone formed inside
Phlebolith
Intraluminal bladder mass
Malignancy (TCC/SCC, mets) Hematoma Infection (TB / schisto) Malakoplakia Inflammatory pseudotumor