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physical diagnosis > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What connects muscle to bone?

A

tendon

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2
Q

What connects bone to bone.

A

ligament (ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils)

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3
Q

What is a bursa?

A

pouches of synovial fluid

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4
Q

What is articular structures?

A

anything within the joint (joint capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid

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5
Q

What is extra-articular structures?

A

surrounding the joints, tendons, bursae, muscle, bone, nerve

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6
Q

What is synovial joint?

A

any joint that has synovial fluid, allowing bones to freely move (shoulder, knee)

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7
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A
  • spheroidal joint (ball and socket) shoulder and hip
  • hinge joint (flat planar) interphalangeal joints, foot and elbow, one plane movement
  • condylar joint (convex or concave, planar) knee, TMJ
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8
Q

What is cartilaginous joint?

A
  • slightly movable joint between discs of spine
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9
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

-joints without movement (sutures of skull)

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10
Q

What are the features of MSK exam?

A
  • inspection
  • palpatation
  • ROM
  • strength
  • neurovascular testing
  • special tests
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11
Q

What are the gradings of strength?

A

5- normal: complete with full resistance
4- good: complete ROM with some resistance
3- Fair: comple ROM against gravity but not with resistance
2- poor: complete ROM without gravity
1- trace: no joint motion but evidence of muscle contraction
0- zero: no evidence of muscle contractility

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12
Q

What is neurovascular testing for?

A
  • sensation

- reflexes

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13
Q

What is the strongest muscle in the body?

A
  • masseter
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14
Q

What are the muscles of mastication (TMJ)?

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • external/internal pterygoid
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15
Q

What are the joints of shoulder?

A
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • glenohumeral joint
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16
Q

What is in the subacromial space?

A
  • supraspinatus muscles/tendons

- subacromial bursa

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17
Q

What are the muscles of rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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18
Q

What are shoulder special tests?

A

Neer impingement
hawkins
empty can
drop arm

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19
Q

What is neer impingement test and what it test for?

A
  • stabilize pt’s back, raise arm

- positive = subacromial impingment / rotator cuff tear

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20
Q

What is Hawkins’ test what it test for?

A
  • chicken wing test

- positive = subacromial impingement / rotator cuff tear

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21
Q

What is empty can test and what is test for?

A
  • empty the can and put downward pressure resistance

- RTC tear (loss of abduction control)

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22
Q

what makes up the elbow?

A

distal humerus
ulna
radius
olecranon bursa

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23
Q

what are muscles of the elbow?

A 
biceps
brachioradialis
brachialis
pronator teres
supinator
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24
Q

What to palpate in the elbow?

A

medial/lateral epicondyle
olecranon process
ulnar nerve

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25
Q

What if there is pain anatomical snuff box?

A

scaphoid injury

26
Q

What bones account for wrist?

A

distal radius
distal ulna
8 carpals

27
Q

What is knuckle joint?

A

metacarpal phalangeal joint

28
Q

What are the wrist special tests?

A

tinel sign

phalen’s sign

29
Q

What is tinel sign?

A
  • tap over the median nerve

- positive for tingling = median nerve compression / carpal tunnel syndrome

30
Q

What is phalen’s sign?

A
  • clubbing for wrists

- positive for pain/tingling = median nerve issue

31
Q

What are the muscles of the spine?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • splenius
32
Q

Where would u inspect on the spine?

A

C7 (spinous process)
T7-8
L4 (iliac crest)

33
Q

Where would u palpate on the spine?

A
  • spinous process of each vertebrae
  • lower lumbar step offs(misalignment)
  • paravertebral muscles
  • sacroiliac joint (dimple on back)
  • sciatic nerve
34
Q

What are the special lumber spine testing?

A
  • Straight leg raise: pt supine, passively flex leg and ask if any pain
    -positive for pain in leg= disc issue
    pain remain in lower back = negative test
35
Q

Where is the most common place for hip fracture?

A
  • between the head and greater trochanter of the femur
36
Q

What muscle flexes hip?

A

iliopsoas

37
Q

What muscles extends your hip?

A

hamstring

gluteus maximus

38
Q

What are the two phases of gait while inspecting hip?

A
  • swing: foot moves forward (40%)

- Stance: foot on ground (60%)

39
Q

Where would do a lumbar puncture?

A

L4 above iliac crest

40
Q

Where to palpate for hip exam?

A
  • iliac crest
  • iliac tubercle
  • ASIS
  • pubic symphysis
41
Q

What makes up the knee?

A 
condylar/hinge joint
articulation between femur and tibia
-femur
-tibia
-patella
42
Q

What are the muscles of knee?

A

quadriceps
hamstrings
gastrocnemius
soleus

43
Q

What consist of knee bursa?

A 
suprapatellar
prepatellar
infrapatellar
pes anserine (infected = vulgus deformity, associated from running
semimembranosus
44
Q

What does MCL check for?

A
  • valgus force (knees together)
45
Q

What does LCL check for?

A
  • varus force (knees apart)
46
Q

What does medial/lateral meniscus do?

A
  • absorbs shock from axis loads, protects articular surfaces, stability
47
Q

What do you palpate for knee exam?

A 
medial epicondyle
medial condyle
medial joint line
patella
patellar tendon
quadriceps tendon
tibial tuberosity
lateral epicondyle
lateral condyle
48
Q

What is knee flexion/extension angle?

A
  • flexion: 135 or 140 degree

- extension: 0 degrees

49
Q

What are the special knee tests?

A 
ACL
PCL
valgus stress (MCL)
Varus stress (LCL)
McMurray - meniscus
Ballottement test - effusion
Bulge sign- effusion
50
Q

What does mcmurray test for?

A
  • meniscus injury
51
Q

What is a ballottement test for?

A

checks for effusion/fluid on patella

52
Q

What is bulge sign for?

A

checks for effusion/fluid on medial/lateral side

53
Q

What are the landmarks on ankle?

A

lateral malleolus

medial malleolus

54
Q

What is the most commonly fractured metatarsal?

A
  • 5th metatarsal
55
Q

What is the Bunion (hallux valgus)?

A

painful deformity of the big toe.

56
Q

What is the difference between corn and callus?

A

corn: painful conical thickening
callus: non painful thickining

57
Q

What to palpate for in ankle and foot?

A
  • anterior aspect of ankle joint
  • achillies tendon and heel
  • plantar fascia
  • Medial lateral malleolus
  • MTP, PIP, DIP joints
  • heads of metatarsals(compress between ur thumb and index finger)
  • look for tenderness
58
Q

What does the anterior drawer test in ankle test for?

A
  • pull foot towards you

- stability

59
Q

What is the squeeze test?

A
  • squeeze tibia and fibula together

- tests the integrity of syndesmosis (fibrous joint on ankle)

60
Q

What is the thompson test?

A
  • squeeze calf muscles (should cause contraction of the achillies tendon)
  • test Achilles tendon integrity

physical diagnosis (7 decks)

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