MSK

Question 1

What connects muscle to bone?

Answer 1

tendon

Question 2

What connects bone to bone.

Answer 2

ligament (ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils)

Question 3

What is a bursa?

Answer 3

pouches of synovial fluid

Question 4

What is articular structures?

Answer 4

anything within the joint (joint capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid

Question 5

What is extra-articular structures?

Answer 5

surrounding the joints, tendons, bursae, muscle, bone, nerve

Question 6

What is synovial joint?

Answer 6

any joint that has synovial fluid, allowing bones to freely move (shoulder, knee)

Question 7

What are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 7

• spheroidal joint (ball and socket) shoulder and hip
• hinge joint (flat planar) interphalangeal joints, foot and elbow, one plane movement
• condylar joint (convex or concave, planar) knee, TMJ

Question 8

What is cartilaginous joint?

Answer 8

• slightly movable joint between discs of spine

Question 9

What is a fibrous joint?

Answer 9

-joints without movement (sutures of skull)

Question 10

What are the features of MSK exam?

Answer 10

• inspection
• palpatation
• ROM
• strength
• neurovascular testing
• special tests

Question 11

What are the gradings of strength?

Answer 11

5- normal: complete with full resistance
4- good: complete ROM with some resistance
3- Fair: comple ROM against gravity but not with resistance
2- poor: complete ROM without gravity
1- trace: no joint motion but evidence of muscle contraction
0- zero: no evidence of muscle contractility

Question 12

What is neurovascular testing for?

Answer 12

• sensation

- reflexes

Question 13

What is the strongest muscle in the body?

Answer 13

• masseter

Question 14

What are the muscles of mastication (TMJ)?

Answer 14

• temporalis
• masseter
• external/internal pterygoid

Question 15

What are the joints of shoulder?

Answer 15

• sternoclavicular joint
• acromioclavicular joint
• glenohumeral joint

Question 16

What is in the subacromial space?

Answer 16

• supraspinatus muscles/tendons

- subacromial bursa

Question 17

What are the muscles of rotator cuff?

Answer 17

Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 18

What are shoulder special tests?

Answer 18

Neer impingement
hawkins
empty can
drop arm

Question 19

What is neer impingement test and what it test for?

Answer 19

• stabilize pt’s back, raise arm

- positive = subacromial impingment / rotator cuff tear

Question 20

What is Hawkins’ test what it test for?

Answer 20

• chicken wing test

- positive = subacromial impingement / rotator cuff tear

Question 21

What is empty can test and what is test for?

Answer 21

• empty the can and put downward pressure resistance

- RTC tear (loss of abduction control)

Question 22

what makes up the elbow?

Answer 22

distal humerus
ulna
radius
olecranon bursa

Question 23

what are muscles of the elbow?

Answer 23

biceps
brachioradialis
brachialis
pronator teres
supinator

Question 24

What to palpate in the elbow?

Answer 24

medial/lateral epicondyle
olecranon process
ulnar nerve

Question 25

What if there is pain anatomical snuff box?

Answer 25

scaphoid injury

Question 26

What bones account for wrist?

Answer 26

distal radius distal ulna 8 carpals

Question 27

What is knuckle joint?

Answer 27

metacarpal phalangeal joint

Question 28

What are the wrist special tests?

Answer 28

tinel sign | phalen's sign

Question 29

What is tinel sign?

Answer 29

- tap over the median nerve | - positive for tingling = median nerve compression / carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 30

What is phalen's sign?

Answer 30

- clubbing for wrists | - positive for pain/tingling = median nerve issue

Question 31

What are the muscles of the spine?

Answer 31

- sternocleidomastoid - trapezius - latissimus dorsi - splenius

Question 32

Where would u inspect on the spine?

Answer 32

C7 (spinous process) T7-8 L4 (iliac crest)

Question 33

Where would u palpate on the spine?

Answer 33

- spinous process of each vertebrae - lower lumbar step offs(misalignment) - paravertebral muscles - sacroiliac joint (dimple on back) - sciatic nerve

Question 34

What are the special lumber spine testing?

Answer 34

- Straight leg raise: pt supine, passively flex leg and ask if any pain -positive for pain in leg= disc issue pain remain in lower back = negative test

Question 35

Where is the most common place for hip fracture?

Answer 35

- between the head and greater trochanter of the femur

Question 36

What muscle flexes hip?

Answer 36

iliopsoas

Question 37

What muscles extends your hip?

Answer 37

hamstring | gluteus maximus

Question 38

What are the two phases of gait while inspecting hip?

Answer 38

- swing: foot moves forward (40%) | - Stance: foot on ground (60%)

Question 39

Where would do a lumbar puncture?

Answer 39

L4 above iliac crest

Question 40

Where to palpate for hip exam?

Answer 40

- iliac crest - iliac tubercle - ASIS - pubic symphysis

Question 41

What makes up the knee?

Answer 41

``` condylar/hinge joint articulation between femur and tibia -femur -tibia -patella ```

Question 42

What are the muscles of knee?

Answer 42

quadriceps hamstrings gastrocnemius soleus

Question 43

What consist of knee bursa?

Answer 43

``` suprapatellar prepatellar infrapatellar pes anserine (infected = vulgus deformity, associated from running semimembranosus ```

Question 44

What does MCL check for?

Answer 44

- valgus force (knees together)

Question 45

What does LCL check for?

Answer 45

- varus force (knees apart)

Question 46

What does medial/lateral meniscus do?

Answer 46

- absorbs shock from axis loads, protects articular surfaces, stability

Question 47

What do you palpate for knee exam?

Answer 47

``` medial epicondyle medial condyle medial joint line patella patellar tendon quadriceps tendon tibial tuberosity lateral epicondyle lateral condyle ```

Question 48

What is knee flexion/extension angle?

Answer 48

- flexion: 135 or 140 degree | - extension: 0 degrees

Question 49

What are the special knee tests?

Answer 49

``` ACL PCL valgus stress (MCL) Varus stress (LCL) McMurray - meniscus Ballottement test - effusion Bulge sign- effusion ```

Question 50

What does mcmurray test for?

Answer 50

- meniscus injury

Question 51

What is a ballottement test for?

Answer 51

checks for effusion/fluid on patella

Question 52

What is bulge sign for?

Answer 52

checks for effusion/fluid on medial/lateral side

Question 53

What are the landmarks on ankle?

Answer 53

lateral malleolus | medial malleolus

Question 54

What is the most commonly fractured metatarsal?

Answer 54

- 5th metatarsal

Question 55

What is the Bunion (hallux valgus)?

Answer 55

painful deformity of the big toe.

Question 56

What is the difference between corn and callus?

Answer 56

corn: painful conical thickening callus: non painful thickining

Question 57

What to palpate for in ankle and foot?

Answer 57

- anterior aspect of ankle joint - achillies tendon and heel - plantar fascia - Medial lateral malleolus - MTP, PIP, DIP joints - heads of metatarsals(compress between ur thumb and index finger) - look for tenderness

Question 58

What does the anterior drawer test in ankle test for?

Answer 58

- pull foot towards you | - stability

Question 59

What is the squeeze test?

Answer 59

- squeeze tibia and fibula together | - tests the integrity of syndesmosis (fibrous joint on ankle)

Question 60

What is the thompson test?

Answer 60

- squeeze calf muscles (should cause contraction of the achillies tendon) - test Achilles tendon integrity