MSH/Endorphin/Lipotropin

Question 1

 (collectively referred to as MSH or intermedins) are a class of peptide hormones that in nature are produced by cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.
 They stimulate the production and release of melanin (melanogenesis) by melanocytes in skin and hair.
 MSH is produced in the anterior pituitary. MSH released into the brain has effects on appetite and
sexual arousal.
 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone increases in humans during pregnancy. This, along with increased estrogens, causes increased pigmentation in pregnant women.

Answer 1

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 2

high levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production also leads to high MSH levels, which cause an abnormal darkening

Answer 2

Cushing’s disease

Question 3

endogenous opioid polypeptide compounds. They are produced by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus in vertebrates during strenuous exercise, excitement, pain and orgasm, and they resemble the opiates in their abilities to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being.

Answer 3

Endorphin

Question 4

Endorphins work as “ ________________”, whose effects may be enhanced by other medications.

Answer 4

natural pain relievers

Question 5

has been adopted in popular speech to refer to feelings of exhilaration brought on by pain, danger, or other forms of stress, supposedly due to the influence of endorphins.

Answer 5

endorphin rush

Question 6

When a nerve impulse reaches the spinal cord, endorphins are released which prevent nerve cells from releasing more ____________. Immediately after injury, endorphins allow humans to feel a sense of _______________over themselves that allows them to persist with activity for an extended time

Answer 6

pain signals; power and control

Question 7

hormone produced by the cleavage of pro opiomelanocortin (POMC). The anterior pituitary gland produces the pro-hormone POMC, which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-lipotropin (β-LPH)

Answer 7

Lipotropin

Question 8

 Fragment of POMC.
 It stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin, and can also be cleaved into smaller peptides

Answer 8

Beta-lipotropin