MS System: Joints and Muscles Flashcards
Function of joints?
facilitate growth and transmit forces
Classification of joints by movement?
- synarthroses - barley move
- amphiarthroses - move a little
- diarthroses - very movable
Classification of joints by soft tissue structure?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
Fibrous joints?
joined by dense fibrous network
- sutures - between skull and vault bones
- syndesmosis - fibrous membranes between bones - radioulnur (ankle area)
- gomphosis - peg and socket - teeth in jaw
Cartilagenous joints?
> primary cartilaginous joints - synchondrosis
bone-hyaline cartilage-bone
secondary cartilaginous joint - symphysis
bone-hyaline cartilage-fibrocartilage-hyaline cartilage-bone
Primary cartilaginous joints?
synchondrosis
bone-hyaline cartilage-bone
- very strong, no movement
- first rib and sternum, epiphyseal plates in growing bones
Secondary cartilaginous joints?
symphyses
bone-hyaline cartilage-fibrocartilage-hyaline cartilage-bone
- joints of sternum, intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis
- joints of midline
- limited movement
Synovial joints?
- very movable
- friction free
Features of synovial joints list? (8)
- fibrous capsule
- articular cartilage
- synovial membrane
- synovial fluid
- intra-articular disk
- bursae
- synovial sheaths
- articular cavity
Fibrous capsule?
- collagen fibres
- may be thickened along lines of stress to form ligaments (restrict movement) intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments
Articular cartilage?
- hyaline cartilage
- creates frictionless surface
- poor blood supply - slow healing
Synovial membrane?
- collagenous tissue that lines fibrous capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid?
- hyaluronic acid, lubricant, few phagocytic cells
- reduces friction between articular surfaces
- alignment go glycoprotein molecules changes with excersice - decreases viscosity so that lubrication improves - thixotropic
- provides nutrients and o2 for articular cartilage
- removes waste
Intra-articular disk? (meniscus)
- fibre-cartilage
- found in joints with rotatory movements
Bursae?
- prevent rubbing
- closed sacs lined with synovial membrane - lubricated with fluid
- found where friction occurs - between skin and bone, tendons and bone
Synovial sheaths?
- specialised bursae that surround tendons where they are subject to pressure
- found in hand and foot
What determines the range of movement of a joint?
shape of articular surface
- ball and socket joint - three planes
- hinge joint - one plane
What factors influence joint stability?
- shape of bones
- strength and positions of the ligaments - stretching
- tone of the surrounding muscles - continuous contraction of muscle
What is osteoarthritis?
degenerative disease
- articular cartilage
- weight bearing joints
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
autoimmune disease
- changes in synovial lead to destruction of articular cartilage
What are the three types of muscle?
- skeletal - voluntary, striated
- visceral - involuntary, smooth
- cardiac - involuntary, striated
Function of deep fascia?
divides limbs into compartments
What are the muscle components of a functional group?
compartments contain groups of muscles that share a function
- prime mover - main participant in movement
- synergists - other muscles
- antagonists - oppose movements for stability
How are muscle fibres arranged?
in bundles or fasciculi
