Epithelia

Question 1

Breast cancer cause?

Answer 1

abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells

Question 2

Cystic fibrosis cause?

Answer 2

defective epithelial chloride ion transport

Question 3

Cholera cause?

Answer 3

enhanced activation of epithelial chloride ion transport in GI tract

Question 4

Atherosclerosis cause?

Answer 4

(plaque build up in arteries)

superficial injury to epithelial lining of blood vessels causes cardiovascular disease

Question 5

Epithelia characteristics?

Answer 5

• tight junctions
• separated from underlying tissues by basement membrane BM - connective layer
• cells undergo rapid division to replace damage cells - (opportunity for tumours)

Question 6

Shapes of epithelial cells?

Answer 6

• columnar - taller than wide
• cuboidal - cube
• squamous - sheets of flattened cells

Question 7

Number of layers of cells?

Answer 7

• simple - one layer - diffusion, absorption secretion
• stratified - multiple layers - basal, apical layers - protection
  (thiner - better diffusion, thicker - better protection)

Question 8

Transitional epithelia?

Answer 8

can stretch, distend, change shape

- bladder

Question 9

Blood vessel epithelia?

Answer 9

simple squamous

Question 10

Kidney tubule epithelia?

Answer 10

simple cuboidal

Question 11

GI tract epithelia?

Answer 11

simple columnar

Question 12

Skin epithelia?

Answer 12

stratified squamous

Question 13

Reproductive system epithelia?

Answer 13

stratified cuboidal

Question 14

Respiratory epithelia?

Answer 14

pseudo stratified columnar - one layer looks like two

Question 15

Bladder epithelia?

Answer 15

transitional

Question 16

Exchange epithelia?

Answer 16

• one layer
• flattened cell shape
• pores
• lung, blood vessels

Question 17

Transporting epithelia?

Answer 17

• one layer
• cuboidal or columnar
• tight junctions - limit movement
• intestine, kidney

Question 18

Ciliated epithelia?

Answer 18

• one layer
• cuboidal or columnar
• cilia move fluid across surface
• trachea, female reproductive tract

Question 19

Protective epithelia?

Answer 19

• many layers
• flattened surface, polygonal in deeper layers
• cells connected by many desmosomes
• exocrine (pancreas and salivary) and endocrine (thyroid)

Question 20

Secretory epithelia?

Answer 20

• one up to many layers
• columnar to polygonal
• extensive rough ER (proteins) or smooth ER (steroids)

Question 21

Cilia function?

Answer 21

movement

Question 22

Microviliia function?

Answer 22

increase surface area for absorption

Question 23

Simple squamous?

Answer 23

• single layered flattened cells
• ventral nucleus
• thin cells
• irregular shape
• no gaps between cells
• lining of body cavities - mesothelium, lining of blood vessels - endothelium

Question 24

What lines the body cavities?

Answer 24

mesothelium

- includes pericardium

Question 25

What lines blood vessels?

Answer 25

endothelium

Question 26

Small intestine lining modifications?

Answer 26

simple columnar epithelium
> increase surface area for absorption
- large folds
- (microscopic) villi - covered by epithelium
- microvilli on apical surface of epithelial cells (electron microscope)
> mucus secretion to lubricate gut contents
- microvilli form brush border mucus adheres to
- goblet cells secrete mucus
- BM spereates epithelial cells from underlying tissue

Question 27

Respiratory epithelium modifications?

Answer 27

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

• columnar cells
• basal cells
• goblet cells

Question 28

Oesophagus epithelium modifications?

Answer 28

stratified squamous

• desquamation - flattened cells shed from surface
• basal cells divide and move up
• protects underlying tissues from abrasion

Question 29

Thin skin epithelium modifications?

Answer 29

stratified squamous keratinised

- rejects water loss - keratin

Question 30

Bladder epithelium modifications?

Answer 30

transitional

- high numbers of tight junctions prevent leakage of urine fro bladders into tissues

Question 31

Functional difference between non-epithelial and epithelial cells?

Answer 31

highness of junctions between them