MS - Path (Primary bone tumors) Flashcards
Pg. 422-423 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Primary bone tumors
What are 2 types of benign bone tumors?
(1) Giant cell tumor (2) Osteochondroma (exostosis)
What age of patients does giant cell tumor typically affect?
20-40 years old
What kind of tumor is giant cell tumor? Where is it located?
Benign primary bone tumor; Epiphyseal end of long bones
What are 3 key characteristics of Giant cell tumor? There is one characteristic for each of the following areas: macroscopic appearance, imaging, histology.
(1) Locally aggressive benign tumor often around knee (2) “Soap bubble” appearance on x-ray (3) Multinucleated giant cells
What is the most common benign tumor? What is another name for it?
Osteochondroma (exostosis) = Most common benign tumor
What age and gender of patients does osteochondroma (exostosis) typically affect?
Males < 25 years old
How is Osteochondroma (exostosis) characterized in terms of (1) its make-up (2) its progression/aggression.
(1) Mature bone with cartilaginous cap (2) Rarely transforms to chondrosarcoma
What are 3 examples of malignant bone tumors?
(1) Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) (2) Ewing sarcoma (3) Chondrosarcoma
What is the 2nd most common primary malignant bone tumor? What is the first?
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) = 2nd most common primary malignant bone tumor (after multiple myeloma)
What is another name for Osteosarcoma? What age(s) are typically affected by it?
Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic sarcoma); Bimodal distribution: 10-20 years old (primary), > 65 (secondary)
What are 5 predisposing factors for Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)?
Predisposing factors: (1) Paget disease of bone (2) bone infarcts (3) radiation (4) familial retinoblastoma (5) Li-Fraumeni syndrome (germline P53 mutation)
Where is Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) located?
Metaphysis of long bones, often around knee
What are 2 ways to describe what may be seen on x-ray with Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)?
Codman triangle (from elevation of periosteum) or sunburst pattern on x-ray
In general, how does Osteosarcoma act/progress? How is it treated?
Aggressive; Treat with surgical en bloc resection (with limb salvage) and chemotherapy
What is the age and gender of patients typically affected by Ewing sarcoma?
Boys < 15 years old
What are the 4 common sites for Ewing sarcoma?
Commonly appears in diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula, and ribs
What is seen on histology of Ewing sarcoma?
Anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor
How does Ewing sarcoma act/progress? How does it respond to treatment?
Extremely aggressive with early metastases, but responsive to chemotherapy
What classic appearance in the bone characterizes Ewing sarcoma?
“Onion skin” appearance in bone
With what translocation is Ewing sarcoma associated?
Associated with t(11;22) translocation; Think: “11+22 = 33 (Patrick Ewing’s jersey number)”
What kind of tumor is Chrondrosarcoma? Use 3 descriptors.
Rare, malignant, cartilaginous tumor
What age and gender of patients are typically affected by Chrondrosarcoma?
Men 30-60 years old.
Where is Chrondosarcoma usually found? Name 6 locations.
Usually located in pelvis, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia, or femur.
What are the possible origins of Chrondrosarcoma?
May be of primary origin or from osteochondroma
What is the characteristic appearance of Chondrosarcoma?
Expansible glistening mass within the medullary cavity.
Draw a long bone, labeling its parts and drawing/labeling the primary bone tumors.
See p. 423 in First Aid 2014 for visual
