MS - Path (Pigmented & Common skin disorders) Flashcards
Pg. 431-432 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Pigmented skin disorders -Common skin disorders
What are 3 examples of Pigmented skin disorders?
(1) Albinism (2) Melasma (cholasma) (3) Vitiligo
What is albinism, and what typically causes it? What else may cause it?
Normal melanocyte number with decreased melanin production due to low tyrosinase activity or defective tyrosine transport. Can also be caused by failure of neural crest cell migration during development.
What risk does albinism increase?
Increases risk of skin cancer
What is another name for Melasma? What is it? With what 2 conditions/substances is it associated?
Melasma (Cholasma); Hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy (“mask of pregnancy”) or OCP use
What condition causes the “mask of pregnancy”?
Melasma (Cholasma)
What is vitiligo? What causes it?
Irregular areas of complete depigmentation. Caused by autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.
Name 8 common skin disorders.
(1) Verrucae (2) Melanocytic nevus (3) Urticaria (4) Ephelis (5) Atopic dermatitis (eczema) (6) Allergic contact dermatitis (7) Psoriasis (8) Seborrheic keratosis
What is another name for Verrucae? What causes it?
Warts; caused by HPV
What are 3 physical descriptions for Verrucae?
Soft, tan-colored, cauliflower-like papules
What are 3 histologic findings that characterize Verrucae?
Epidermal hyperplasia, Hyperkaratosis, Koilocytosis
What do verrucae form on genitals?
Condyloma acuminatum on genitals
What is a melanocytic nevus? Is it benign or malignant? What is its relation to cancer, if any?
Common mole. Benign, but melanoma can arise if congenital or atypical moles
What are 2 main types of nevi? What characterizes it?
(1) Intradermal nevi are papular (2) Junctional nevi are flat macules
What is another name for urticaria? What defines it?
Hives; Pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation
What are 2 physical/pathophysiological changes associated with urticaria?
Characterized by superficial dermal edema and lymphatic channel dilation