MS + CT Flashcards
layers of epidermis from surface to base
Californians Love G String Bikinis
- Corneum (keratin)
- Lucidum
- Granulosum
- Spinosum (spines = desmosomes)
- Basale
Which junction type is Ca dependent
Adherens
- actin + CADherins
What from cell binds to collagen and laminin in BM
Integrins
Action of infraspinatus
lateral rotation
What does hand look like after Klumpke injury
lose all intrinsic hand muscles
- total claw hand
- lumbricals normally flex MCP and extend DIP and PIP
fractured surgical neck of humerus
What nerve is injured?
axillary
anterior dislocation of humerus
What nerve is injured?
axillary
flattened deltoid
loss of abduction at shoulder
loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lat arm
axillary
midshaft fracture of humerus
What nerve is injured?
radial
compression from crutches
What nerve is injured?
radial
loss of sensation over lateral forearm
What nerve is injured?
musculocutaneous
supracondylar fracture of humerus
What nerve is injured?
median
Action of lumbricals
flexion of MCP
extension of DIP and PIP
Muscles in thenar and hypothenar compartment and actions
OAF (oppose, abduct, flex)
Opponens pollicis (digiti minimi)
Abductor pollicis brevis (DM)
Flexor pollicis brevis (DM)
actions of interossei
DAB (Dorsal ABduct)
PAD (Palmar ADduct)
What nerve innervates gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal
superior gluteal nerve lesion causes what
trendelenburg sign/gait
- lesion is contralateral to side of drop
Actions of Tibial vs peroneal nerves
TIP (tibial inverts and plantar flexes)
PED (Peroneal everts and dorsiflexes)
What nerve/artery pair is in axilla/lateral thorax
long thoracic
lateral thoracic
What nerve/artery pair is near surgical neck of humerus
axillary
posterior circumflex
What nerve/artery pair is near midshaft of humerus
radial
deep brachial
What nerve/artery pair is near distal humerus/cubital fossa
median
brachial
What nerve/artery pair is in popliteal fossa
tibial
popliteal
What nerve/artery pair is posterior to medial malleolus
tibial
posterior tibial
What band of muscle fiber always stays same length during contraction
A band (myosin chain length stays the same)
Describe type 1 fibers
1 slow red ox
- slow twitch
- red
- lots of oxidative phosphorylation
- has lots of myoglobin and mitochondria
Describe type 2 fibers
fast twitch white decreased mitochondria and myoglobin increased anaerobic glycolysis - weight training results in hypertrophy of fast-twitch fibers
How does smooth muscle contraction work?
- membrane depol activates L-type VG Ca channels
- increase Ca-calmodulin complex
- activates myosin-light-chain kinase
Achondroplasia whats the defect?
FGFR3 –> inhibits chondrocyte proliferation
estrogen effect on bone cells
inhibits apoptosis in osteoblasts
induces apoptosis in osteoclasts
- estrogen protective against osteoporosis
drugs that cause lupus (5)
Sulfonamides Hydralazine Isoniazide Phenytoin Procainamide
SHIPP
flat lesion <1cm
macule
flat lesion >1cm
patch
elevated solid skin lesion < 1cm
Papule
macule
flat <1cm
patch
flat >1cm
papule
elevated <1cm
Plaque
papule >1cm
vesicle
small fluid containing blister <1cm
bulla
large fluid-containing blister >1cm
pustule
vesicle containing pus
scale
flaking off of stratum corneum
hyperkeratosis
increased thickness of stratum corneum
parakeratosis (with what disease)
hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum
-psoriasis
spongiosis
epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces
acantholysis
separation of epidermal cells
acanthosis
epidermal hyperplasia
actinic keratosis
scaly plaque
precursor to Squamous cell carcinoma
keratoacanthoma
squamous cell carcinoma that grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously
what gene associated with melanoma
BRAF kinase mutation
