mrophology Flashcards
1
Q
Mallory-Denk bodies
A
alcoholic steato hepatitis, NAFLD, Wilson disease and chronic biliary tract disease (Primary biliary chrrhosis)
=Intracellular eosinophilic aggregates of intermediate filaments (keratin 8 & 18, ubiquitin) in ballooning hepatocytes
2
Q
dysplasia crosses into the submucosa and accesses lymphatics –> metastases
A
invasive adenocarcinoma (adenoma polyp)
3
Q
Patches of red, velvety mucosa extend cephalad from the GE junction.
-Alternates w smooth pale esophageal muosa and light-brown gastric mucosa distally
A
Barrett’s esophagus
4
Q
multiple nodular metastases that replace most of the parenchyma and lead to hepatomegaly
A
metastases to the liver
5
Q
diffuse poisoning of cells w/o obvious cell death/parenchymal collapse
A
acute liver failure
=”Diffuse microvesicular steatosis”
6
Q
increased ductular rxn
A
chronic hepatitis
7
Q
tumor in middle 1/3 anal canal
A
basaloid pattern mixed w squamous/mucinous diff
8
Q
pseudomems
A
- bac superinfection and enterotoxin release during ischemic bowel dis
- shigella
- pseudomembranous colitis from clostridium dificile
9
Q
Ovoid with a smooth surface, tho there may be superficial erosions/ulceratoins
A
hyperplastic (inflamm) polyps
10
Q
mf aggregates
A
acute hepaitis, and chronic hepatitis
11
Q
tumor in lower 1/3 anal canal
A
squamous carcinoma
12
Q
inflamm of mucosa and submucosa, usu on the colon and rectum
A
ulcerative colitis
13
Q
single large hard scirrhous tumor (Composed of well differentiated cells rich in mito) with fibrous bands coursing thru it.
A
fibrolamellar carcinoma
14
Q
many plasma cells
A
HAV (acute) and AI hepattis
15
Q
balooning degen
A
acute hepaitis
16
Q
tall columnar cells
A
colonic adenocarcinoma
17
Q
Lamina propria is edematous with variable acute/chronic inflamm
A
hyperplastic (inflamm) polyps
18
Q
cryptitis, crypt accesses, but crypt architecture is preserved
A
campylobacter enterocolitis
19
Q
Pancreas is hard with focal calcification
A
chronic pancreatitis
20
Q
vasc injury w hem of pancreas
A
acute pancreatitis
21
Q
firm, Yellow-tan intramural or submucosal masses leads to small polypoid lesions
A
carcinoid turmor of stomach
22
Q
confluent/bridging neccosis
A
severe acute hepaitis
-bridging in chronic hepatitis too
23
Q
Spleen is enlarged and soft with uniform pale red pulp and obliterated follicular markings
A
salmonella enterica (typhoid fever)
24
Q
Distension of upstream bile ducts and ductules prolif at portal-parenchymal interface
A
lg bile duct obstruction
25
arborizing network of smooth mm, CT, glands, and lamina propria lined by normal epi
Peutz-jeghers syndrome
26
intercellular bridges
squamous cell carcinoma
27
villous expansion in SI
whipple dis from tropheryma whippelii
28
Hepatocyte swelling (fat, H2O, proteins) + necrosis
alchoholic steato hepatitis
29
spotty necrosis
acute hepaitis
30
Edematous (acanthosis) Small vesicles/large bullae filled with clear fluid --> rupture: painful, red-rimmed shallow ulcerations
HSV
31
skip lesions
chrons dis
32
well demarcated but poorly encapsulated scar in nml liver
focal nodular hyperplasia -->nodule
33
protozoa that can reach the liver, kidney, lungs, heart
entamoeba histolytica
34
bile duct reactive changes
HCV
35
serrated architecture, with crypt dilation and lateral growth; no dysplasia and thus no metastatic potential
sessile serrated adenomas (adenoma polyp)
36
Liver is swollen red-purple, and has a tense capsule
hepatic venous thrombosis (budd-chiari synd)
37
plateau elevation of peyer's patches in terminal ileum
salmonella enterica (typhoid fever)
38
lymphoplastic (mononuclear) infiltrate
if scant: acute hepaitis
if diffuse: chronic hepatitis
a lotttt more: NAFLD
39
Central grey-white depressed stellate scar (containing vessels w/fibromuscular hyperplasia) that fibrous septa radiate outward from
focal nodular hyperplasia -->nodule
40
grey-white pseudomembranes of hyphae and inflamm cells
Candidiasis esophagitis
41
Granular IgA deposits.
dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis
42
Sharply punched out defect with over hanging mucosal borders and smooth, clean ulcer bases
PUD
| -Usu level w surrounding mucosa, but if heaped—up margins = cancer
43
macrovesicular steatosis
HCV
44
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
neonatal cholestasis
45
blood filled cysts
peliosis hepatis from impaired blood flow thru the liver
| -occurs in any cond in which efflux of hepatic blood is impeded
46
Lobular disarray with local liver cell apoptosis and necrosis
neonatal cholestasis
47
desmoplastic rxn in panc: dense stromal fibrosis
panc carcinoma
48
stones of unconj bilirubin and Ca
pigment stones
49
annular masses w 'napkin ring' constrictions
colonic adenocarcinoma
50
Tumors produce mucin and form glands
esophageal adenocarcinoma
51
defective epi tight jct barriers
chrons dis
52
epi is oncocytic
warthin tumor
| lots of mito
53
lipid droplets w/in hepatocytes --> displace the nuc
hepatic steatosis (reversible!)
54
Noncaseating granulomas throughout the gut, even in uninvolved segments
chrons dis
55
Gland architecture abn: budding, irregular shapes, and cellular crowding
Barrett's esophagus dysplasia
56
hard, stellate, grey-white, poorly defined mass of panc
panc carcinoma
57
tumor of squamous epi and other mesenchymal elements
| in the Parotid gland
pleomorphic adenoma
58
squamous islands admixed w acinar cells
pancreatoblastoma
59
firm grey, mucin producing nodules in the bile duct wall .
extrahepatic cholangiosarcoma
60
acute inflamm of pancreas
acute pancreatitis
61
B cell follicles or plasmacytic differentiation.
| -Express CD19, CD20
MALToma
62
neuroendocrine diff
colonic adenocarcinoma
63
backwash ilieitis
ulcerative colitis
64
erosions in stomach (may progress to ulcers)
gastropathy and acute gastritis
65
hepaticyte rosettes
AI hepatitis
66
Reactive proliferation may lead to fusion of the mucosal folds buried crypts of epi in the GB
chronic cholecystitis
67
Panlobular giant-cell transformation of hepatocytes
neonatal cholestasis
68
Cyst like space lined with inflamm granulation tissue or fibrous ct (NOT epi)and filled with mucin and Mfs
mucocele
69
basal epi apoptosis, mucosal atrophy, and submucosal fibrosis w/o significant acute inflammatory infiltrates
GVHD esophagitis
70
foveolar cell hyperplasia and char corkscrew profiles and epi proliferation
- gastropathy and acute gastritis
| - Ménétrier disease
71
influx of periductular neutrophils directly into the bile duct epi and lumen
ascending cholangitis
72
Fibrosis, atrophy and dropout of acini in pancreas
chronic pancreatitis
73
tumor in upper 1/3 anal canal
glandular carcinoma
74
atypical mitosis, nuclear hyperchromasia, irregular chromatin, increased nuc-cyto ratio, failure of epithelial cells to mature
Barrett's esophagus dyspalsia
75
Transient mucosal inflammatory process involving neutrophils
acute gastritis
76
Mucosa is reddened, granular and friable with inflamm pseudopolyps and easy bleeding
ulcerative colitis
77
panc glands lined w pleomorphic cuboidal-columnar epi
panc carcinoma
78
cohesive bulky exophytic tumors composed of glandular structures
intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma
79
ductal dilation, intraluminal protein plugs, and calcification of pancreas
chronic pancreatitis caused by EtOH
80
Pseudopyloric metaplasia
chrons dis
| -epi takes on appearance of antral-appearing glands
81
Dilated irregular glands lined by flattened parietal and chief cells.
-Inflammation is none to minimal
fundinc gland polyps
82
black stones
made up of bilirubin, salts, mucin
83
diffuse mucosal atrophy of oxyntic mucosa of body and fundus ; loss rugal folds
AI gastritis
84
Subepidermal blister.
dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis
85
Paneth cell metaplasia
chrons dis
| -usu in L colon where Paneth cells nmlly absent
86
Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion that Fuse to form Multinucleated giant cells (multinucleate polykaryons)
HSV
87
Solitary, well-circumscribed fleshy masses of whorled appearance
GI stromal tumor
88
creeping fat
chrons dis
| -fat that extends around the serosal surface
89
different areas of preserved or regenerating parenchyma alternating w/hem collapse
hepatic venous thrombosis (budd-chiari synd)
90
Pedunculated, smooth surfaced, reddish lesions with dilated cystic spaces filled with mucin and inflamm debris.
juvenile polyps
91
Elongated regenerative crypts
celiac dis
=limit the ability of absorptive enterocytes to fully differentiate and express proteins necessary for terminal digestion and transepithelial transport
--crypt hyperplasia also in cryptosporidium
92
Distortion of mucosal architecture from repeated cycles of crypt destruction and regen
chrons dis
93
dysplastic cells invade LP or MM --> little metastatic potential bc few lymphatics
itramucosal carcinoma (adenoma polyp)
94
flask shape ulcer
entamoeba histolytica
95
Small polygonal fetal cell
Epithelial type of hepatoblastoma
96
grey-pink, poorly encapsulated, small, compact nuclei and scant cytoplasm; tubular and cribiform patterns
adenoid cystic carcinoma
97
brown stones
made up of bilirubin, salts, mucin adn cholest
98
production of exocrine enzs (trypsin and lipase)
acinar cell carcinoma
99
Serosa is dull, granular and red
acute appendicitis
100
Foci of mesenchymal differentiation with osteoid, cartilage, or striated muscle
Mixed epi and mesenchymal type of hepatoblastoma
101
granulation tissue -->fibrosis
chemical and infectious esophagitis
102
Enlargement, elongation, pseudostratification, hyperchormasia of nuclei; epi crowding
gastric adenoma
103
neutrophils invading stomach epi
gastropathy and acute gastritis
104
more atypia, glandular budding, gland-within-gland, or cribiform structures
gastric adenoma
105
fat necrosis of pancreas
acute pancreatitis
106
entire liver is transformed into nodules that looks similar to micronodular cirrhosis, but there is no fibrosis
nodular regenerative hyperplasia --> nodules
107
develop synd of metastatic fat necrosis from lipase into circ
acinar cell carcinoma
108
range from hyperkeratosis to hyghly atypical dysplasia (CIS)
leukoplakia
109
LN and peyer patch hyperplasia
yersinia
110
multiple stones that look pale yellow, granulat, hard
cholest stones
111
Malformed tortuous, ectatic dilations of veins, venules and capillaries in mucosa and submucosa
Angiodysplasia
112
red-blue nodules directly under the capsule
cavernous hemangiomas
113
pear shaped w 2 equal nuclei
giardia lambia
114
transmural necrosis of sm and lg intestine
necrotizing enterocolitis
115
Irregular, dilated, elongated foveolar glands.
hyperplastic (inflamm) polyps
116
granulomas or epitheloid mfs
granulomatous gastritis
117
nodular regenerative hyperplasia
primary biliary cirrhosis
| -if progress to portal HTN
118
severe dysplasia (CIS): have mitotic figures
erythroplakia
119
Irregular enlargement of gastric rugae in the body and fundus
Ménétrier disease
120
portal lymphoid follicle
HCV
121
Linitus plastica (leather bottle)
diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma
| =rigid, thickened gastric wall from fibrous desmoplastic response
122
Fissures btwn mucosal folds--> perforation
chrons dis
123
Dense accumulation of distended foamy Mf stuffed w PAS+ in SI lamina propria
whipple dis from tropheryma whippelii
124
multifocal mucosal atrophy: loss parietal and chief cells
H pylori chronic gastritis
125
Massive hepatic necrosis leads to broad regions of parenchymal loss surrounding areas of regenerating hepatocytes => small, shrunken liver
acute liver failure
126
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis
chronic cholecystitis
=ery thick wall and the GB is shrunken, nodular with foci of necrosis and hem that was triggered by rupture of R-A sinuses. Leads to foam (xanthoma) cells
127
Pigmented Ca bilirubinate stones in distended, inflammed intrahepatic bile ducts
primary hepatolithiasis
128
Basal zone hyperplasia.
GERD
129
walled off arease of fat necrosis in panc
pancreatic pseudocysts
130
Cobblestone appearance
chrons dis
| -sparing of interspersed mucosa with disease tissue that is depressed.
131
Vessel walls w/in the affected area are commonly thickened and sometimes thrombosed
PUD
132
finely granular 'ground glass' hepatocytes
HBV: chronic hep
133
onion skin fibrosis
primary sclerosing cholangitis
134
tombstone scar
primary sclerosing cholangitis
135
scarring in a chicken-wire fence pattern
alch steatofibrosis
136
depositinon of iron, hemosiderin in liver, panc
hemochromatosis
137
transmural inflamm usu on the terminal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum
chrons dis
138
'balloon cells'
Hairy leukoplakia
139
Damaged crypts distended by a mucopurulent exudate that form an eruption like a volcano that leads to the formation of the membrane
pseudomembranous colitis from clostridium dificile
| -"exploding crypts"
140
tumor of appendix
carcinoid tumor
141
sparing of islets of Langerhans, but lost in late stages
chronic pancreatitis
142
encircled by fibrosed granulatio tissue in panc
pancreatic pseudocysts
143
liver is lg, brown, shrunken, nonfatty
alch steatofibrosis
144
fatty change
chronic hepatitis: hep C
145
Mucosal inflammation with scant inflammatory cells
gastropathy
146
schirrhossi and firm GB
adenocarcinoma of GG
147
Collections of necrotic-hem material rich in pancreatic enzymes Not lined with epi
pancreatic pseudocysts
148
apop of hepatocytes
acute hepaitis, and chronic hepatitis
149
Peritoneal cavity: serous, slightly turbid, brown fluid with fat globules
acute pancreatitis
150
Hydrops of the GB
chronic cholecystitis
| =atrophic, obs, dilated GB
151
```
Diffusely flattened (atrophic) villi
Exuberant lamina propria chronic inflammation.
```
- celiac dis
- -Loss of mucosal and brush border surface = malabsorpiton
-villous atrophy also in cryptosporidium
152
punched out ulcers w/viral glassy inclusions and a rim of epi cells around the ulcer
HSV esophagitis
153
bowel wall thickening
- yersinia
| - chrons dis
154
firm pearly plaques --> ulcerate/protrude
squamous cell carcinoma
155
Microabscess: papillae
dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis
156
Punched out aphthous ulcers that coalesce into axially oriented serpentine ulcers
chrons dis
157
GB: enlarged, tense, green-black, bright red, blotchy
acute cholecystitis
| -if green-black and necrotic: severe, gangrenous cholecystitis
158
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
chronic cholecystitis
| =outpouchings of the mucosal epi thru the wall
159
Pale grey-white cords of squamous cells making a mucin secreting cyst w no capsule
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
160
Atrophy, Crypt abscesses/inflamm infiltrates, ulceration
ulcerative colitis
161
Porcelain GB
chronic cholecystitis
| =rare calcification of the wall that increases the risk of developing CA
162
goblet cells in stomach mucosa
intestinal metaplasia from chronic gastritis (-->adenocarcinoma)
163
cause an inreased in parietal cells --> incrased oxyntic mucosa
cause hyperprolif of mucus neck cells --> mucin hyperprod
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
164
large portions of bowel are affected and there is a sharp line between infarct and healthy tissue
transmural ischemic bowel dis
| (venous thrombosis has less abrupt transition
165
vasc channels in a bed of fiberous CT
cavernous hemangiomas
166
Acidophilic, PAS (+), and Diastase resistant cytoplasmic globular inclusions in periportal hepatocytes
α1-antitrypsin deficiency
167
Dense infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes in lamina propria.
| --> invasion of the glands leads to lymphoepithelial lesions
MALToma
168
Severe centrilobular congestion/necrosis or fibrosis
hepatic venous thrombosis (budd-chiari synd)
169
hepatocyte loss, regenerative hyperplasia, hepatomegaly
primary biliary cirrhosis
170
neurtophils forming pit abcesses
H pylori chronic gastritis
171
Accumulation of bile pigment in the hepatic parenchyma
cholestasis
172
Extremely puritic small vesicles.
dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis
173
mucin producing, that track along the intrahepatic portal tract system that creates a branching tumor within a portion of the liver
intrahepatic cholangiosarcoma
174
Plump hepatocytes are surrounded by rims of atrophic hepatocytes
nodular regenerative hyperplasia --> nodules
175
portal-portal septal fibrosis
primary biliary cirrhosis
176
firm, bc strong desmoplastic response
colonic adenocarcinoma
177
keratinized, corrugated, stratified squamous epi cyst w prominent basal layer
Keratocystic odontogenic tumor
178
focal hepatocyte necrosis in the liver with Mf aggregates
```
salmonella enterica (typhoid fever)
-typhoid follicles
```
179
interface hepatitis
chronic hepatitis AND AI hepatitis
(linking of portal tracts via bridging necrosis)
-portal fibrosis in NFLAD more
180
Elongated green-brown plugs of bile in dilated bile canaliculi
cholestasis
181
Nf infiltration on epi --> strictures of large bile ducts
primary sclerosing cholangitis
182
green pigmentation of liver
primary biliary cirrhosis
183
epi lined cyst in sublingual gland
ranula
184
hyperplasia of foveolar cells but hypoplasia of parietal and chief cells
Ménétrier disease
185
Obliteration of the terminal hepatic venules by subendothelial swelling and collagen deposition
sinusoidal obst synd (veno-occlusive dis)
186
laennec cirrhosis from interwebbing of the scars
alch steatofibrosis
187
Thinning of superficial epi layers
GERD
188
Hyperemia (redness) + edema
GERD
189
pANCAs
primary sclerosing cholangitis
190
Wt loss, diarrhea, peripheral edema
| -following resp infectinon in kids
Ménétrier disease
191
Thickened folds covered by small nodules with central aphthous ulceration
Lymphocytic (varioliform) Gastritis
192
nutmeg liver
when both L and R CF
193
shallow ulcerations w nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in capillary endothelium
CMV esophagitis
194
ulcer w brown base w nml adjacent mucosa
stress/curling/cushing ulcers
195
discohesive signet rings
diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma
=when mucin vacuoles push nuc to periphery
-
-signet rings also in colonic adenocarcinoma
196
Extensive broad based ulcers that are aligned along the long axis of the colon
ulcerative colitis
197
mucinous cyst lined by a double layer of eip
warthin tumor
198
feathery degeneration.
cholestasis, primary biliary cirrhosis
| -fine, foamy appearance of Droplets of bile pigment in hepatocytes
