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GI2 > mrophology > Flashcards

mrophology Flashcards

1
Q

Mallory-Denk bodies

A

alcoholic steato hepatitis, NAFLD, Wilson disease and chronic biliary tract disease (Primary biliary chrrhosis)
=Intracellular eosinophilic aggregates of intermediate filaments (keratin 8 & 18, ubiquitin) in ballooning hepatocytes

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2
Q

dysplasia crosses into the submucosa and accesses lymphatics –> metastases

A

invasive adenocarcinoma (adenoma polyp)

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3
Q

Patches of red, velvety mucosa extend cephalad from the GE junction.
-Alternates w smooth pale esophageal muosa and light-brown gastric mucosa distally

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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4
Q

multiple nodular metastases that replace most of the parenchyma and lead to hepatomegaly

A

metastases to the liver

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5
Q

diffuse poisoning of cells w/o obvious cell death/parenchymal collapse

A

acute liver failure

=”Diffuse microvesicular steatosis”

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6
Q

increased ductular rxn

A

chronic hepatitis

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7
Q

tumor in middle 1/3 anal canal

A

basaloid pattern mixed w squamous/mucinous diff

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8
Q

pseudomems

A
  • bac superinfection and enterotoxin release during ischemic bowel dis
  • shigella
  • pseudomembranous colitis from clostridium dificile
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9
Q

Ovoid with a smooth surface, tho there may be superficial erosions/ulceratoins

A

hyperplastic (inflamm) polyps

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10
Q

mf aggregates

A

acute hepaitis, and chronic hepatitis

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11
Q

tumor in lower 1/3 anal canal

A

squamous carcinoma

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12
Q

inflamm of mucosa and submucosa, usu on the colon and rectum

A

ulcerative colitis

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13
Q

single large hard scirrhous tumor (Composed of well differentiated cells rich in mito) with fibrous bands coursing thru it.

A

fibrolamellar carcinoma

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14
Q

many plasma cells

A

HAV (acute) and AI hepattis

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15
Q

balooning degen

A

acute hepaitis

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16
Q

tall columnar cells

A

colonic adenocarcinoma

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17
Q

Lamina propria is edematous with variable acute/chronic inflamm

A

hyperplastic (inflamm) polyps

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18
Q

cryptitis, crypt accesses, but crypt architecture is preserved

A

campylobacter enterocolitis

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19
Q

Pancreas is hard with focal calcification

A

chronic pancreatitis

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20
Q

vasc injury w hem of pancreas

A

acute pancreatitis

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21
Q

firm, Yellow-tan intramural or submucosal masses leads to small polypoid lesions

A

carcinoid turmor of stomach

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22
Q

confluent/bridging neccosis

A

severe acute hepaitis

-bridging in chronic hepatitis too

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23
Q

Spleen is enlarged and soft with uniform pale red pulp and obliterated follicular markings

A

salmonella enterica (typhoid fever)

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24
Q

Distension of upstream bile ducts and ductules prolif at portal-parenchymal interface

A

lg bile duct obstruction

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25
Q

arborizing network of smooth mm, CT, glands, and lamina propria lined by normal epi

A

Peutz-jeghers syndrome

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26
Q

intercellular bridges

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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27
Q

villous expansion in SI

A

whipple dis from tropheryma whippelii

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28
Q

Hepatocyte swelling (fat, H2O, proteins) + necrosis

A

alchoholic steato hepatitis

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29
Q

spotty necrosis

A

acute hepaitis

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30
Q

Edematous (acanthosis) Small vesicles/large bullae filled with clear fluid –> rupture: painful, red-rimmed shallow ulcerations

A

HSV

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31
Q

skip lesions

A

chrons dis

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32
Q

well demarcated but poorly encapsulated scar in nml liver

A

focal nodular hyperplasia –>nodule

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33
Q

protozoa that can reach the liver, kidney, lungs, heart

A

entamoeba histolytica

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34
Q

bile duct reactive changes

A

HCV

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35
Q

serrated architecture, with crypt dilation and lateral growth; no dysplasia and thus no metastatic potential

A

sessile serrated adenomas (adenoma polyp)

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36
Q

Liver is swollen red-purple, and has a tense capsule

A

hepatic venous thrombosis (budd-chiari synd)

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37
Q

plateau elevation of peyer’s patches in terminal ileum

A

salmonella enterica (typhoid fever)

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38
Q

lymphoplastic (mononuclear) infiltrate

A

if scant: acute hepaitis
if diffuse: chronic hepatitis
a lotttt more: NAFLD

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39
Q

Central grey-white depressed stellate scar (containing vessels w/fibromuscular hyperplasia) that fibrous septa radiate outward from

A

focal nodular hyperplasia –>nodule

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40
Q

grey-white pseudomembranes of hyphae and inflamm cells

A

Candidiasis esophagitis

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41
Q

Granular IgA deposits.

A

dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis

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42
Q

Sharply punched out defect with over hanging mucosal borders and smooth, clean ulcer bases

A

PUD

-Usu level w surrounding mucosa, but if heaped—up margins = cancer

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43
Q

macrovesicular steatosis

A

HCV

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44
Q

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

neonatal cholestasis

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45
Q

blood filled cysts

A

peliosis hepatis from impaired blood flow thru the liver

-occurs in any cond in which efflux of hepatic blood is impeded

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46
Q

Lobular disarray with local liver cell apoptosis and necrosis

A

neonatal cholestasis

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47
Q

desmoplastic rxn in panc: dense stromal fibrosis

A

panc carcinoma

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48
Q

stones of unconj bilirubin and Ca

A

pigment stones

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49
Q

annular masses w ‘napkin ring’ constrictions

A

colonic adenocarcinoma

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50
Q

Tumors produce mucin and form glands

A

esophageal adenocarcinoma

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51
Q

defective epi tight jct barriers

A

chrons dis

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52
Q

epi is oncocytic

A

warthin tumor

lots of mito

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53
Q

lipid droplets w/in hepatocytes –> displace the nuc

A

hepatic steatosis (reversible!)

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54
Q

Noncaseating granulomas throughout the gut, even in uninvolved segments

A

chrons dis

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55
Q

Gland architecture abn: budding, irregular shapes, and cellular crowding

A

Barrett’s esophagus dysplasia

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56
Q

hard, stellate, grey-white, poorly defined mass of panc

A

panc carcinoma

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57
Q

tumor of squamous epi and other mesenchymal elements

in the Parotid gland

A

pleomorphic adenoma

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58
Q

squamous islands admixed w acinar cells

A

pancreatoblastoma

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59
Q

firm grey, mucin producing nodules in the bile duct wall .

A

extrahepatic cholangiosarcoma

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60
Q

acute inflamm of pancreas

A

acute pancreatitis

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61
Q

B cell follicles or plasmacytic differentiation.

-Express CD19, CD20

A

MALToma

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62
Q

neuroendocrine diff

A

colonic adenocarcinoma

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63
Q

backwash ilieitis

A

ulcerative colitis

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64
Q

erosions in stomach (may progress to ulcers)

A

gastropathy and acute gastritis

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65
Q

hepaticyte rosettes

A

AI hepatitis

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66
Q

Reactive proliferation may lead to fusion of the mucosal folds buried crypts of epi in the GB

A

chronic cholecystitis

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67
Q

Panlobular giant-cell transformation of hepatocytes

A

neonatal cholestasis

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68
Q

Cyst like space lined with inflamm granulation tissue or fibrous ct (NOT epi)and filled with mucin and Mfs

A

mucocele

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69
Q

basal epi apoptosis, mucosal atrophy, and submucosal fibrosis w/o significant acute inflammatory infiltrates

A

GVHD esophagitis

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70
Q

foveolar cell hyperplasia and char corkscrew profiles and epi proliferation

A
  • gastropathy and acute gastritis

- Ménétrier disease

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71
Q

influx of periductular neutrophils directly into the bile duct epi and lumen

A

ascending cholangitis

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72
Q

Fibrosis, atrophy and dropout of acini in pancreas

A

chronic pancreatitis

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73
Q

tumor in upper 1/3 anal canal

A

glandular carcinoma

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74
Q

atypical mitosis, nuclear hyperchromasia, irregular chromatin, increased nuc-cyto ratio, failure of epithelial cells to mature

A

Barrett’s esophagus dyspalsia

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75
Q

Transient mucosal inflammatory process involving neutrophils

A

acute gastritis

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76
Q

Mucosa is reddened, granular and friable with inflamm pseudopolyps and easy bleeding

A

ulcerative colitis

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77
Q

panc glands lined w pleomorphic cuboidal-columnar epi

A

panc carcinoma

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78
Q

cohesive bulky exophytic tumors composed of glandular structures

A

intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma

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79
Q

ductal dilation, intraluminal protein plugs, and calcification of pancreas

A

chronic pancreatitis caused by EtOH

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80
Q

Pseudopyloric metaplasia

A

chrons dis

-epi takes on appearance of antral-appearing glands

81
Q

Dilated irregular glands lined by flattened parietal and chief cells.
-Inflammation is none to minimal

A

fundinc gland polyps

82
Q

black stones

A

made up of bilirubin, salts, mucin

83
Q

diffuse mucosal atrophy of oxyntic mucosa of body and fundus ; loss rugal folds

A

AI gastritis

84
Q

Subepidermal blister.

A

dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis

85
Q

Paneth cell metaplasia

A

chrons dis

-usu in L colon where Paneth cells nmlly absent

86
Q

Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion that Fuse to form Multinucleated giant cells (multinucleate polykaryons)

A

HSV

87
Q

Solitary, well-circumscribed fleshy masses of whorled appearance

A

GI stromal tumor

88
Q

creeping fat

A

chrons dis

-fat that extends around the serosal surface

89
Q

different areas of preserved or regenerating parenchyma alternating w/hem collapse

A

hepatic venous thrombosis (budd-chiari synd)

90
Q

Pedunculated, smooth surfaced, reddish lesions with dilated cystic spaces filled with mucin and inflamm debris.

A

juvenile polyps

91
Q

Elongated regenerative crypts

A

celiac dis
=limit the ability of absorptive enterocytes to fully differentiate and express proteins necessary for terminal digestion and transepithelial transport

–crypt hyperplasia also in cryptosporidium

92
Q

Distortion of mucosal architecture from repeated cycles of crypt destruction and regen

A

chrons dis

93
Q

dysplastic cells invade LP or MM –> little metastatic potential bc few lymphatics

A

itramucosal carcinoma (adenoma polyp)

94
Q

flask shape ulcer

A

entamoeba histolytica

95
Q

Small polygonal fetal cell

A

Epithelial type of hepatoblastoma

96
Q

grey-pink, poorly encapsulated, small, compact nuclei and scant cytoplasm; tubular and cribiform patterns

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

97
Q

brown stones

A

made up of bilirubin, salts, mucin adn cholest

98
Q

production of exocrine enzs (trypsin and lipase)

A

acinar cell carcinoma

99
Q

Serosa is dull, granular and red

A

acute appendicitis

100
Q

Foci of mesenchymal differentiation with osteoid, cartilage, or striated muscle

A

Mixed epi and mesenchymal type of hepatoblastoma

101
Q

granulation tissue –>fibrosis

A

chemical and infectious esophagitis

102
Q

Enlargement, elongation, pseudostratification, hyperchormasia of nuclei; epi crowding

A

gastric adenoma

103
Q

neutrophils invading stomach epi

A

gastropathy and acute gastritis

104
Q

more atypia, glandular budding, gland-within-gland, or cribiform structures

A

gastric adenoma

105
Q

fat necrosis of pancreas

A

acute pancreatitis

106
Q

entire liver is transformed into nodules that looks similar to micronodular cirrhosis, but there is no fibrosis

A

nodular regenerative hyperplasia –> nodules

107
Q

develop synd of metastatic fat necrosis from lipase into circ

A

acinar cell carcinoma

108
Q

range from hyperkeratosis to hyghly atypical dysplasia (CIS)

A

leukoplakia

109
Q

LN and peyer patch hyperplasia

A

yersinia

110
Q

multiple stones that look pale yellow, granulat, hard

A

cholest stones

111
Q

Malformed tortuous, ectatic dilations of veins, venules and capillaries in mucosa and submucosa

A

Angiodysplasia

112
Q

red-blue nodules directly under the capsule

A

cavernous hemangiomas

113
Q

pear shaped w 2 equal nuclei

A

giardia lambia

114
Q

transmural necrosis of sm and lg intestine

A

necrotizing enterocolitis

115
Q

Irregular, dilated, elongated foveolar glands.

A

hyperplastic (inflamm) polyps

116
Q

granulomas or epitheloid mfs

A

granulomatous gastritis

117
Q

nodular regenerative hyperplasia

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

-if progress to portal HTN

118
Q

severe dysplasia (CIS): have mitotic figures

A

erythroplakia

119
Q

Irregular enlargement of gastric rugae in the body and fundus

A

Ménétrier disease

120
Q

portal lymphoid follicle

A

HCV

121
Q

Linitus plastica (leather bottle)

A

diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma

=rigid, thickened gastric wall from fibrous desmoplastic response

122
Q

Fissures btwn mucosal folds–> perforation

A

chrons dis

123
Q

Dense accumulation of distended foamy Mf stuffed w PAS+ in SI lamina propria

A

whipple dis from tropheryma whippelii

124
Q

multifocal mucosal atrophy: loss parietal and chief cells

A

H pylori chronic gastritis

125
Q

Massive hepatic necrosis leads to broad regions of parenchymal loss surrounding areas of regenerating hepatocytes => small, shrunken liver

A

acute liver failure

126
Q

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

A

chronic cholecystitis
=ery thick wall and the GB is shrunken, nodular with foci of necrosis and hem that was triggered by rupture of R-A sinuses. Leads to foam (xanthoma) cells

127
Q

Pigmented Ca bilirubinate stones in distended, inflammed intrahepatic bile ducts

A

primary hepatolithiasis

128
Q

Basal zone hyperplasia.

A

GERD

129
Q

walled off arease of fat necrosis in panc

A

pancreatic pseudocysts

130
Q

Cobblestone appearance

A

chrons dis

-sparing of interspersed mucosa with disease tissue that is depressed.

131
Q

Vessel walls w/in the affected area are commonly thickened and sometimes thrombosed

A

PUD

132
Q

finely granular ‘ground glass’ hepatocytes

A

HBV: chronic hep

133
Q

onion skin fibrosis

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

134
Q

tombstone scar

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

135
Q

scarring in a chicken-wire fence pattern

A

alch steatofibrosis

136
Q

depositinon of iron, hemosiderin in liver, panc

A

hemochromatosis

137
Q

transmural inflamm usu on the terminal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum

A

chrons dis

138
Q

‘balloon cells’

A

Hairy leukoplakia

139
Q

Damaged crypts distended by a mucopurulent exudate that form an eruption like a volcano that leads to the formation of the membrane

A

pseudomembranous colitis from clostridium dificile

-“exploding crypts”

140
Q

tumor of appendix

A

carcinoid tumor

141
Q

sparing of islets of Langerhans, but lost in late stages

A

chronic pancreatitis

142
Q

encircled by fibrosed granulatio tissue in panc

A

pancreatic pseudocysts

143
Q

liver is lg, brown, shrunken, nonfatty

A

alch steatofibrosis

144
Q

fatty change

A

chronic hepatitis: hep C

145
Q

Mucosal inflammation with scant inflammatory cells

A

gastropathy

146
Q

schirrhossi and firm GB

A

adenocarcinoma of GG

147
Q

Collections of necrotic-hem material rich in pancreatic enzymes Not lined with epi

A

pancreatic pseudocysts

148
Q

apop of hepatocytes

A

acute hepaitis, and chronic hepatitis

149
Q

Peritoneal cavity: serous, slightly turbid, brown fluid with fat globules

A

acute pancreatitis

150
Q

Hydrops of the GB

A

chronic cholecystitis

=atrophic, obs, dilated GB

151
Q 
Diffusely flattened (atrophic) villi
Exuberant lamina propria chronic inflammation.
A
  • celiac dis
  • -Loss of mucosal and brush border surface = malabsorpiton

-villous atrophy also in cryptosporidium

152
Q

punched out ulcers w/viral glassy inclusions and a rim of epi cells around the ulcer

A

HSV esophagitis

153
Q

bowel wall thickening

A
  • yersinia

- chrons dis

154
Q

firm pearly plaques –> ulcerate/protrude

A

squamous cell carcinoma

155
Q

Microabscess: papillae

A

dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis

156
Q

Punched out aphthous ulcers that coalesce into axially oriented serpentine ulcers

A

chrons dis

157
Q

GB: enlarged, tense, green-black, bright red, blotchy

A

acute cholecystitis

-if green-black and necrotic: severe, gangrenous cholecystitis

158
Q

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

A

chronic cholecystitis

=outpouchings of the mucosal epi thru the wall

159
Q

Pale grey-white cords of squamous cells making a mucin secreting cyst w no capsule

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

160
Q

Atrophy, Crypt abscesses/inflamm infiltrates, ulceration

A

ulcerative colitis

161
Q

Porcelain GB

A

chronic cholecystitis

=rare calcification of the wall that increases the risk of developing CA

162
Q

goblet cells in stomach mucosa

A

intestinal metaplasia from chronic gastritis (–>adenocarcinoma)

163
Q

cause an inreased in parietal cells –> incrased oxyntic mucosa
cause hyperprolif of mucus neck cells –> mucin hyperprod

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

164
Q

large portions of bowel are affected and there is a sharp line between infarct and healthy tissue

A

transmural ischemic bowel dis

(venous thrombosis has less abrupt transition

165
Q

vasc channels in a bed of fiberous CT

A

cavernous hemangiomas

166
Q

Acidophilic, PAS (+), and Diastase resistant cytoplasmic globular inclusions in periportal hepatocytes

A

α1-antitrypsin deficiency

167
Q

Dense infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes in lamina propria.

–> invasion of the glands leads to lymphoepithelial lesions

A

MALToma

168
Q

Severe centrilobular congestion/necrosis or fibrosis

A

hepatic venous thrombosis (budd-chiari synd)

169
Q

hepatocyte loss, regenerative hyperplasia, hepatomegaly

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

170
Q

neurtophils forming pit abcesses

A

H pylori chronic gastritis

171
Q

Accumulation of bile pigment in the hepatic parenchyma

A

cholestasis

172
Q

Extremely puritic small vesicles.

A

dermatitis herpetiformis from celiac dis

173
Q

mucin producing, that track along the intrahepatic portal tract system that creates a branching tumor within a portion of the liver

A

intrahepatic cholangiosarcoma

174
Q

Plump hepatocytes are surrounded by rims of atrophic hepatocytes

A

nodular regenerative hyperplasia –> nodules

175
Q

portal-portal septal fibrosis

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

176
Q

firm, bc strong desmoplastic response

A

colonic adenocarcinoma

177
Q

keratinized, corrugated, stratified squamous epi cyst w prominent basal layer

A

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor

178
Q

focal hepatocyte necrosis in the liver with Mf aggregates

A 
salmonella enterica (typhoid fever)
-typhoid follicles
179
Q

interface hepatitis

A

chronic hepatitis AND AI hepatitis
(linking of portal tracts via bridging necrosis)
-portal fibrosis in NFLAD more

180
Q

Elongated green-brown plugs of bile in dilated bile canaliculi

A

cholestasis

181
Q

Nf infiltration on epi –> strictures of large bile ducts

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

182
Q

green pigmentation of liver

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

183
Q

epi lined cyst in sublingual gland

A

ranula

184
Q

hyperplasia of foveolar cells but hypoplasia of parietal and chief cells

A

Ménétrier disease

185
Q

Obliteration of the terminal hepatic venules by subendothelial swelling and collagen deposition

A

sinusoidal obst synd (veno-occlusive dis)

186
Q

laennec cirrhosis from interwebbing of the scars

A

alch steatofibrosis

187
Q

Thinning of superficial epi layers

A

GERD

188
Q

Hyperemia (redness) + edema

A

GERD

189
Q

pANCAs

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

190
Q

Wt loss, diarrhea, peripheral edema

-following resp infectinon in kids

A

Ménétrier disease

191
Q

Thickened folds covered by small nodules with central aphthous ulceration

A

Lymphocytic (varioliform) Gastritis

192
Q

nutmeg liver

A

when both L and R CF

193
Q

shallow ulcerations w nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in capillary endothelium

A

CMV esophagitis

194
Q

ulcer w brown base w nml adjacent mucosa

A

stress/curling/cushing ulcers

195
Q

discohesive signet rings

A

diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma
=when mucin vacuoles push nuc to periphery
-
-signet rings also in colonic adenocarcinoma

196
Q

Extensive broad based ulcers that are aligned along the long axis of the colon

A

ulcerative colitis

197
Q

mucinous cyst lined by a double layer of eip

A

warthin tumor

198
Q

feathery degeneration.

A

cholestasis, primary biliary cirrhosis

-fine, foamy appearance of Droplets of bile pigment in hepatocytes

GI2 (8 decks)

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