Mr. Samson: Unit 6 - Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

permanently inhabited portion of the earth’s surface

A

ecumene

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2
Q

areas (cities) with high concentrations of people

A

Urban

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3
Q

primarily residential areas near cities

A

Suburbs

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4
Q

areas (farms and villages) with low concentrations of people

A

Rural

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5
Q

a place with a permanent human population

A

settlement

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6
Q

the process of developing towns and cities which is an ongoing process that does not end once a city is formed

A

urbanization

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7
Q

an indicator or the proportion of the population that lives in cities and towns as compared to those that live in rural areas

A

percent (%) urban

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8
Q

the process of people moving, usually from cities, to residential areas on the outskirts of cities

A

suburbanization

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9
Q

suburbanites that return to live in the city

A

reurbanization

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10
Q

people moving farther out into rural areas and work remotely

A

exurbanization

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11
Q

an established town near a very large city grows into a city independent of the larger one

A

satellite city

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12
Q

the most prosperous of the earliest agricultural settlements that grew into urban centers shortly after the Neolithic Revolution

A

city-states

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13
Q

early city-states emerged in several locations around the globe and were areas generally associated with river valleys in which seasonal floods and fertile soil aided the production of an agricultural surplus

A

urban hearths

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14
Q

a collection of adjacent cities across which population density is high and continuous

A

metropolitan area or metro area

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15
Q

An MSA consists of a city of at least 50,000 people, the county in which it is located, and adjacent counties that have a high degree of social and economic integration or connection with the urban core.

A

Metropolitan Statistical Area

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16
Q

Cities that are more than 10,000 inhabitants (but less than 50,000), the county in which they are located, and surrounding counties with a high degree of integration.

A

Micropolitan Statistical Area

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17
Q

a region organized around a focal point and are defined by an activity that occurs across that region

A

nodal region (functional region)

18
Q

social characteristics of an urban area (meaning the population of cities (plural) as compared to other areas) that contains a great variety of people

A

social heterogeneity

19
Q

the shrinking “time distance” between locations because of improved methods of transportation and communication

A

time-space compression

20
Q

an urban model that describes urban growth based on transportation technology

A

Borchert’s Model

21
Q

a city shaped by the distances people could walk

A

pedestrian city

22
Q

communities that grew up along rail lines often creating a pinwheel shaped city

A

streetcar suburbs

23
Q

a model stating that places that are larger and closer together will have a greater interaction than places that are smaller and farther away from each other

A

Gravity Model

24
Q

One way to describe how the sizes of cities within a region may develop. The “n”th largest city in any region will be 1/”n” the size of the largest city

A

rank-size rule

25
Q

The largest city in an urban system that is more than twice as large as the next largest city and is usually a social, political, or economic hub for the system offering wider services than do the many smaller cities.

A

primate city

26
Q

A theory proposed by German geographer Walter Christaller in 1933 that was developed to explain the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region.

A

Central Place Theory

27
Q

a place where people go to receive goods and services

A

central place

28
Q

the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services

A

market area (or hinterland)

29
Q

Christaller chose to depict these market areas as these because this shape was a compromise between a square (in which people living in the corners would be farther from the central place) and a circle (in which there would be overlapping areas of service).

A

hexagonal hinterlands

30
Q

the size of population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable

A

threshold

31
Q

the distance people will travel to obtain specific goods and services

A

range

32
Q

the world’s largest cities that typically have more than ten million people

A

megacities

33
Q

cities that exert influence far beyond their national boundaries

A

world cities or global cities

34
Q

a continuously developed string of cities or a chain of connected cities

A

megalopolis

35
Q

the merging of cities into a single, uninterrupted urban area

A

conurbation

36
Q

portions of an urban area–regions, or zones, within the city–have specific and distinct purposes.

A

functional zonation

37
Q

Often the commercial heart of a city and is the central focus of transportation and services.

A

central business district (CBD)

38
Q

A model that describes the city as a series of rings that surround a central business district.

A

concentric zone model or Burgess Model

39
Q

The first ring around the CBD in the Burgess Model that includes industrial uses mixed with poor quality housing.

A

zone of transition

40
Q

A model that describes sectors of land use for low-, medium-, and high-income housing. There is also a transportation sector extending from the edge to the center of the city.

A

sector model or Hoyt’s Model

41
Q

This model suggested that functional zonation occurred around multiple centers or nodes. The characteristics of each node either attracted or repelled certain types of activities.

A

multiple-nuclei model