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AP Human Geography > Mr. Samson: Unit 3 - Cultural Patterns and Processes > Flashcards

Mr. Samson: Unit 3 - Cultural Patterns and Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

A group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects

A

culture

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2
Q

Belief systems, customs, and traditions; building blocks of culture

A

cultural trait

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3
Q

A group of culture traits all interrelated and dominated by one essential trait

A

cultural complex

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4
Q

The unifying expressive components of everyday life as enacted by localized, tradition-bound groups

A

folk culture

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5
Q

The area in which a unique culture or specific trait develops

A

culture hearth

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6
Q

The broad areas where groups share similar but not identical cultural traits

A

cultural region

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7
Q

Clearly defined by government or experts (states)

A

formal region

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8
Q

Based on interaction and are usually focused on a node or focus point

A

functional region

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9
Q

Based on how people think about certain places

A

perceptual region

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10
Q

How the boundaries of a region reflect the human imprint on the environment

A

cultural landscape

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11
Q

Clusters of people of the same culture, but surrounded by people of a culture that is dominant in that region

A

ethnic enclaves

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12
Q

Larger areas that include several regions

A

culture realm

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13
Q

the process of intensified interaction among peoples, governments, and companies of different countries around the globe

A

globalization

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14
Q

The increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even though their distances are the same.

A

space-time compression

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15
Q

When cultural traits such as clothing, music, movies, and types of business spread quickly over a large area

A

popular culture

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16
Q

The spreading of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of culture over wide areas

A

diffusion

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17
Q

The spread of cultural traits by people migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

A

relocation diffusion

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18
Q

The spread of cultural traits through direct or indirect exchange without migration

A

expansion diffusion

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19
Q

A cultural trait that spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people

A

contagious diffusion

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20
Q

The spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and importance

A

hierarchical diffusion

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21
Q

When a trait diffuses from the lower class to the higher class

A

reverse hierarchical diffusion

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22
Q

When people in a culture adopt an underlying idea or process from another culture, but modify it because they reject one trait of it.

A

stimulus diffusion

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23
Q

Assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant one.

A

acculturation

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24
Q

When an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group

A

assimilation

25
Q

The co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups

A

multiculturalism

26
Q

The policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants

A

nativist

27
Q

A scientist who studies languages

A

linguist

28
Q

A large group of languages that might all have descended from a language spoken about 6,000 years ago.

A

Indo-European language family

29
Q

Shows how several languages are related to one another

A

language tree

30
Q

Languages that originate from Latin.

A

Romance language

31
Q

The boundaries between variations in pronunciation or word usage

A

isogloss

32
Q

Sayings that attempt to express a truth about life such as “the early bird gets the worm”

A

adage

33
Q

A common language used by people who do not share a native language

A

lingua franca

34
Q

Informal language

A

slang

35
Q

Two or more separate languages that mix and create a more formal structure and vocabulary so that they are no longer a pidgin language.

A

creole language

36
Q

A simplified mixture of two languages that has fewer grammar rules and a smaller vocabulary

A

pidgin language

37
Q

trade between Arab-speaking merchants and Banty-speaking residents resulted in the creation of this language

A

Swahili

38
Q

A language designated by law to be the language of the government

A

official language

39
Q

Countries made up largely of ethnically similar people

A

homogeneous

40
Q

Membership in a group of people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experience

A

ethnicity

41
Q

peoples connection with a particular country

A

nationality

42
Q

the source or origin where a religion or ethnicity began

A

culture hearth

43
Q

an attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith

A

fundamentalism

44
Q

Countries whose governments are run by religious leaders

A

theocracies

45
Q

An Islamic religious law that governs not only religious rituals but also aspects of day-to-day life in Islam.

A

sharia

46
Q

The process of re-embracing the uniqueness of a place

A

neolocalism

47
Q

having one god

A

monotheistic

48
Q

A rigid class structure

A

caste system

49
Q

The idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or in a future life

A

karma

50
Q

Belief traditions that emphasize strong ethnic characteristics among their followers

A

ethnic religion

51
Q

Actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of ethnic background

A

universal religion

52
Q

A religious journey that is taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion

A

pilgrimage

53
Q

A global migration of Hindus from India

A

Diaspora

54
Q

having many gods

A

polytheistic

55
Q

The belief that non-living objects have a spirit

A

animism

56
Q

The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space

A

charter group

57
Q

ethnic concentrations

A

ethnic island

58
Q

Ethnic groups that move in and out of the neighborhoods and create a new cultural imprint on the landscape.

A

sequent occupancy

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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