MOVEMENTS AND MUSCLES OF THE HAND

Question 1

outline roughly the bones of the hand?

Answer 1

carpal bones make up the wrist
metcarpals are near the palm
proximal, middle (except thumb) and distal phalanges make the fingers

Question 2

what joints do we have in the hand?

Answer 2

carpometacarpal joint
metacarpophalangeal joint
interphalangeal joints

Question 3

name the carpral bones?

Answer 3

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid and trapexium

Question 4

what are the lumbricals?

Answer 4

the 4 deep muscles of the hand that pass on the radial side of each digit from the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus into the extensor apparatus

Question 5

whats the function of the lumbricals?

Answer 5

flexion at MCP joint and extension at IP joints

Question 6

what nerve supplies the lumbricals?

Answer 6

radial 2 lumbricals are supplied by the median nerve

ulnar 2 lumbricals are supplied by the ulnar nerve

Question 7

what are the muscles of the thumb?

Answer 7

flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

Question 8

where do the muscles of the thumb originate from?

Answer 8

they are part of the thenar eminence so originate from the flexor retinaculum

Question 9

whats the origin and point of attachment for flexor pollicis brevis?

Answer 9

origin - flexor retinaculum

attach - base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Question 10

whats the origin and point of attachment for abductor pollicis brevis?

Answer 10

origin - flexor retinaculum

attach - lateral side of proximal pahalnx of thumb

Question 11

whats the origin and point of attachment for opponens policies?

Answer 11

origin - flexor retinaculum

attach - lateral margin of metacarpral of thumb

Question 12

whats the action of the flexor pollicis brevis?

Answer 12

flexes the MCP joint of the thumb

Question 13

what is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?

Answer 13

abducts the thumb

Question 14

whats the action of the opponens policies?

Answer 14

to oppose the thumb

Question 15

what are the muscles of the little finger?

Answer 15

muscles of the hypothenar eminence:

• abductor digiti minimi
• flexor digiti minimi
• opponens digiti minimi

Question 16

whats the origin and attachment point for the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 16

origin - pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

attach - base of proximal phalanx of finger

Question 17

whats the origin and attachment point for the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 17

originates from the hook of the hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum
attachs to the base of the proximal phalanx

Question 18

whats the origin and attachment point for the opponens digiti minimi?

Answer 18

originates - hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum
attachs to medial margin of metacarpal 5

Question 19

whats the action of the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 19

abduction of the little finger

Question 20

whats the action of the flexor digiti minimi?

Answer 20

flexion of MCP joint of little finger

Question 21

what is the action of opponens digiti minimi?

Answer 21

rotate the MCP joint of the little finger towards the palm = opposition

Question 22

whats the origin and attachment point for the adductor policis?

Answer 22

one head originates from metacarpal 3 and the other from the capitate bone and adjacent areas of metacarpal 2 and 3
they attach to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 23

what is the function of the adductor pollicis muscle?

Answer 23

adduction of the thumb

Question 24

what innervates the adductor policis?

Answer 24

ulanr nerve

Question 25

what is the adductor pollicis?

Answer 25

a triangular intrinsic muscle of the hand

Question 26

what innervates the thenar eminence?

Answer 26

median nerve

Question 27

what innervates the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 27

ulnar nerve

Question 28

what are the 2 groups of muscles of the hands?

Answer 28

``` intrinsic muscles (within hand) extrinsic muscles (originate in forearm) ```

Question 29

whats the function of the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 29

fine motor functions of the hand.

Question 30

whats the function of the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 30

crude movements and produce a forceful grip.

Question 31

what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 31

``` palmaris brevis hypothenar muscles thenar muscles lumbrical muscles interossei muscles ```

Question 32

what are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 32

``` flexor carpi radialis muscle palmaris longus muscle flexor carpi ulnaris muscle flexor digitorum superficialis muscle flexor digitorum profundus muscle flexor pollicis longus muscle pronator quadratus muscle extensor carpi radialis longus muscle extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle extensor digitorum muscle extensor digiti minimi muscle extensor carpi ulnaris muscle abductor pollicis longus muscle extensor pollicis longus muscle extensor pollicis brevis muscle extensor indicis muscle ```

Question 33

what nerve innervates abduction and adduction of the thumb?

Answer 33

abduction - median nerve | adduction - ulnar nerve

Question 34

where does the palmaris brevis originate and attach to?

Answer 34

originates from the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum attaches to the dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand

Question 35

whats the function of the palmaris brevis?

Answer 35

deepens the curvature of the hand improves grip wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence

Question 36

what innervates the palmaris brevis?

Answer 36

ulnar nerve

Question 37

what are the 2 types of interossei muscles?

Answer 37

palmar interossei | dorsal interossei

Question 38

where are the palmar interossei muscles?

Answer 38

3 muscles found on the 2nd, 4th and 5th digits the 4th and 5th digits have the muscles on the lateral side and the 2nd digit has the muscle on the medial side

Question 39

where do the plamar interossei originate and attach?

Answer 39

originate from a medial /lateral surface of a metacarpal | attach into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of the same finger

Question 40

whats the action of the Palmar interossei?

Answer 40

to adduct fingers at the MCP joint (PAD)

Question 41

whats the action of the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 41

abduction of fingers at MCP joint (DAB)

Question 42

what innervates the interossei muscles?

Answer 42

ulnar nerve

Question 43

what are the dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 43

the 4 muscles which are most superficial of all dorsal muscles

Question 44

where do the dorsal interossei muscles originate from and attach to?

Answer 44

originate from the lateral and median surfaces of the metacarpals atatch onto extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger

Question 45

outline the arrangemnt of dorsal interossei muscles?

Answer 45

little finger does not have one 4th finger has one on the little finger side 3rd finger has one either side 2nd finger has one on the thumb side

Question 46

outline the arranagement of arteries of the hand?

Answer 46

ulnar artery and radia artery conect as superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch the superficial palmar arch gives off common palmar digital arteries and the proper palmar digital arteries as well as a princeps pollicis artery

Question 47

what of the hand does the median and ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 47

median nerve -thenar eminence muscles except adductor pollicis radial 2 lumbricals ulnar nerve - evrrything else

Question 48

what would happen to the hand if there was injury to the ulnar nerve?

Answer 48

loss in palmar abduction - not being able to hold paper between fingers

Question 49

what would happen within the hand if there was injury to the median nerve?

Answer 49

loss of abduction of the thumb

Question 50

what would happen within the hand if there was injury to the radial nerve?

Answer 50

wrist drop due to weak wrist extension | sensory loss between thumb base and metacarpral 1

Question 51

which of the lumbricals are unipennate and which are bipinnate?

Answer 51

the radial 2 are unipennate and the ulnar 2 are bipennate