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xB12W2 > MOVEMENTS AND MUSCLES OF THE HAND > Flashcards

MOVEMENTS AND MUSCLES OF THE HAND Flashcards

1
Q

outline roughly the bones of the hand?

A

carpal bones make up the wrist
metcarpals are near the palm
proximal, middle (except thumb) and distal phalanges make the fingers

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2
Q

what joints do we have in the hand?

A

carpometacarpal joint
metacarpophalangeal joint
interphalangeal joints

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3
Q

name the carpral bones?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid and trapexium

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4
Q

what are the lumbricals?

A

the 4 deep muscles of the hand that pass on the radial side of each digit from the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus into the extensor apparatus

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5
Q

whats the function of the lumbricals?

A

flexion at MCP joint and extension at IP joints

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6
Q

what nerve supplies the lumbricals?

A

radial 2 lumbricals are supplied by the median nerve

ulnar 2 lumbricals are supplied by the ulnar nerve

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7
Q

what are the muscles of the thumb?

A

flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

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8
Q

where do the muscles of the thumb originate from?

A

they are part of the thenar eminence so originate from the flexor retinaculum

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9
Q

whats the origin and point of attachment for flexor pollicis brevis?

A

origin - flexor retinaculum

attach - base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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10
Q

whats the origin and point of attachment for abductor pollicis brevis?

A

origin - flexor retinaculum

attach - lateral side of proximal pahalnx of thumb

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11
Q

whats the origin and point of attachment for opponens policies?

A

origin - flexor retinaculum

attach - lateral margin of metacarpral of thumb

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12
Q

whats the action of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

flexes the MCP joint of the thumb

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13
Q

what is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

abducts the thumb

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14
Q

whats the action of the opponens policies?

A

to oppose the thumb

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15
Q

what are the muscles of the little finger?

A

muscles of the hypothenar eminence:

  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • opponens digiti minimi
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16
Q

whats the origin and attachment point for the abductor digiti minimi?

A

origin - pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

attach - base of proximal phalanx of finger

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17
Q

whats the origin and attachment point for the abductor digiti minimi?

A

originates from the hook of the hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum
attachs to the base of the proximal phalanx

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18
Q

whats the origin and attachment point for the opponens digiti minimi?

A

originates - hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum
attachs to medial margin of metacarpal 5

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19
Q

whats the action of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

abduction of the little finger

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20
Q

whats the action of the flexor digiti minimi?

A

flexion of MCP joint of little finger

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21
Q

what is the action of opponens digiti minimi?

A

rotate the MCP joint of the little finger towards the palm = opposition

22
Q

whats the origin and attachment point for the adductor policis?

A

one head originates from metacarpal 3 and the other from the capitate bone and adjacent areas of metacarpal 2 and 3
they attach to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

23
Q

what is the function of the adductor pollicis muscle?

A

adduction of the thumb

24
Q

what innervates the adductor policis?

A

ulanr nerve

25
Q

what is the adductor pollicis?

A

a triangular intrinsic muscle of the hand

26
Q

what innervates the thenar eminence?

A

median nerve

27
Q

what innervates the hypothenar eminence?

A

ulnar nerve

28
Q

what are the 2 groups of muscles of the hands?

A 
intrinsic muscles (within hand)
extrinsic muscles (originate in forearm)
29
Q

whats the function of the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

fine motor functions of the hand.

30
Q

whats the function of the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

crude movements and produce a forceful grip.

31
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
palmaris brevis
hypothenar muscles
thenar muscles
lumbrical muscles
interossei muscles
32
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
flexor carpi radialis muscle
palmaris longus muscle
flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
flexor digitorum profundus muscle
flexor pollicis longus muscle
pronator quadratus muscle
extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle
extensor digitorum muscle
extensor digiti minimi muscle
extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
abductor pollicis longus muscle
extensor pollicis longus muscle
extensor pollicis brevis muscle
extensor indicis muscle
33
Q

what nerve innervates abduction and adduction of the thumb?

A

abduction - median nerve

adduction - ulnar nerve

34
Q

where does the palmaris brevis originate and attach to?

A

originates from the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
attaches to the dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand

35
Q

whats the function of the palmaris brevis?

A

deepens the curvature of the hand
improves grip
wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence

36
Q

what innervates the palmaris brevis?

A

ulnar nerve

37
Q

what are the 2 types of interossei muscles?

A

palmar interossei

dorsal interossei

38
Q

where are the palmar interossei muscles?

A

3 muscles
found on the 2nd, 4th and 5th digits
the 4th and 5th digits have the muscles on the lateral side and the 2nd digit has the muscle on the medial side

39
Q

where do the plamar interossei originate and attach?

A

originate from a medial /lateral surface of a metacarpal

attach into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of the same finger

40
Q

whats the action of the Palmar interossei?

A

to adduct fingers at the MCP joint (PAD)

41
Q

whats the action of the dorsal interossei muscles?

A

abduction of fingers at MCP joint (DAB)

42
Q

what innervates the interossei muscles?

A

ulnar nerve

43
Q

what are the dorsal interossei muscles?

A

the 4 muscles which are most superficial of all dorsal muscles

44
Q

where do the dorsal interossei muscles originate from and attach to?

A

originate from the lateral and median surfaces of the metacarpals
atatch onto extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger

45
Q

outline the arrangemnt of dorsal interossei muscles?

A

little finger does not have one
4th finger has one on the little finger side
3rd finger has one either side
2nd finger has one on the thumb side

46
Q

outline the arranagement of arteries of the hand?

A

ulnar artery and radia artery conect as superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch
the superficial palmar arch gives off common palmar digital arteries and the proper palmar digital arteries
as well as a princeps pollicis artery

47
Q

what of the hand does the median and ulnar nerve innervate?

A

median nerve -thenar eminence muscles except adductor pollicis
radial 2 lumbricals

ulnar nerve - evrrything else

48
Q

what would happen to the hand if there was injury to the ulnar nerve?

A

loss in palmar abduction - not being able to hold paper between fingers

49
Q

what would happen within the hand if there was injury to the median nerve?

A

loss of abduction of the thumb

50
Q

what would happen within the hand if there was injury to the radial nerve?

A

wrist drop due to weak wrist extension

sensory loss between thumb base and metacarpral 1

51
Q

which of the lumbricals are unipennate and which are bipinnate?

A

the radial 2 are unipennate and the ulnar 2 are bipennate

xB12W2 (6 decks)

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