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xB12W2 > CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA, FOREARM AND WRIST > Flashcards

CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA, FOREARM AND WRIST Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cubital fossa?

A

a triangular shaped depression over the anterior aspect of the elbow joint

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2
Q

what forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

A

the medial border of the brachioradialis

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3
Q

what forms the medial border of the subital fossa?

A

the lateral border of the pronater teres muscle

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4
Q

what forms the superior border of the cubital fossa?

A

a horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus

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5
Q

what forms the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

the biceptal aponeurosis, fascia, subcutaneous fat and skin

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6
Q

what forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

the brachialis and supinator

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7
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A 
radial nerve
biceps tendon
brachial artery
median nerve
REALLY NEED BEER TO BE AT MY NICEST
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8
Q

what superficial vein is in the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

the median cubital vein (connects cephalic and basilic veins)

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9
Q

what is the clinical importance of the cubital fossa?

A

access for venepuncture, bp, arterial blood

elbow fractures could lead to damage of the contents

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10
Q

what causes volkmanns ischaemic contracture?

A

ischaemia to the forearm often caused by brachial artery damage

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11
Q

whats the function of anterior forearm muscles?

A

flexion

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12
Q

whats the function of posterior forearm muscles?

A

extension

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13
Q

which muscles of the forearm does the median nerve supply innervation to?

A

all anterior forearm muscles except for the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus

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14
Q

what is the common flexor origin?

A

the medial epicondyle

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15
Q

which muscle of the forearm may just be present as a tendon or not present at all?
and how do we test for its presence?

A

the palmaris longus

schaeffers test - put little and thumb together and flex the wrist

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16
Q

what are the muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
pronator teres

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17
Q

what is the muscle in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

the flexor digitorum superficialis

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18
Q

what are the muscles in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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19
Q

which muscles of the anterior forearm originiate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A 
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
pronator teres
flexor digitorum superficialis
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20
Q

where does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach?

A

the pisiform bone, hook of hamate and base of 5th metacarpal

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21
Q

where does flexor carpi radialis attach?

A

bade of metacarpals 12 and 3

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22
Q

whats the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flexion and adduction of wrist

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23
Q

whats the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexion and abduction of wrist

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24
Q

where does the palmaris longus attach?

A

flexor retinaculum

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25
Q

whats the function of the palmaris longus?

A

flexion at the wrist

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26
Q

where does the pronator teres attach?

A

laterally to the mid-shaft of the radius

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27
Q

whats the function of the pronator teres?

A

pronation of the forearm

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28
Q

where does the flexor digitorum superficialis attach?

A

sides of the middle phalanges of the 4 fingers

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29
Q

whats the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

flexion of MCP joints and PIP joints of the fingers and flexion of the wrist

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30
Q

where does the flexor digitorum profundus originate?

A

the ulna and interosseous membrane

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31
Q

where does the flexor digitorum profundus attach?

A

distal phalanges of the 4 fingers

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32
Q

whats the function of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

flexion of DIP joints and MCP joints and wrist flexion

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33
Q

what is the flexor digitorum profundus muscle innervated by?

A

the medial half is innervated by the ulnar nerve and the lateral half by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

34
Q

how can we test function of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

hold the PIP joint still to inhibit action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles and then flex the distal interphalangeal joint

35
Q

where does the flexor pollicis longus originate?

A

anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane

36
Q

where does the flexor pollicis longus attach?

A

base of distal phalanc of the thumb

37
Q

whats the action of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

flexion of IP joint and MCP joint of thumb

38
Q

where does the pronator quadratus originate?

A

anterior surface of the ulnar

39
Q

where does the pronator quaddratus attach?

A

anterior surface of the radius

40
Q

whats the action of the pronator quadratus

A

pronation of the forearm

41
Q

describe the structure of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons within the finger?

A

the superficialus tendon splits into 2 branches and the profundus tendon passes between. the superficialis tendons then reunite deep to the profundus tendon, forming a loop and then insert into the plamar surface of the base of the midde phalanx whilst the profundus tendon inserts into the distal phalanx

42
Q

what, in the hand, connects the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

the superficial palmar branch

43
Q

what is the carpal tunnel?

A

a narrow passageway on the anterior portion of the wrist that serves as an entrance to the plam for tendons and nerves

44
Q

what forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

the flexor retinaculum (a fibroud band)

45
Q

what is carpral tunnel syndrome?

A

when fluid accumulates in the joints of the hand so the tunnel becomes tight and causes pressure on the median nerve = tingling in the fingers and palms and even weakness of the thumb muscles

46
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A 
brachioradialis 
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum communis
extensor digiti minimi
anconeous
47
Q

what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A 
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis proprius
48
Q

where do all the superficial muscles of thr posterior forearm originate from?

A

the lateral epicondyle

49
Q

why is the brachioradialis known as a paradoxical muscle?

A

its origin and innervation are characteristic of an extensor muscle but it is actually a flexor muscle

50
Q

where does the brachioradialis originate??

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

51
Q

where does the brachioradialis attach?

A

distal end of the radius, just before styloid process

52
Q

whats the function of the brachioradialis?

A

flexion at the elbow

53
Q

what are all posterior muscles of the forearm innervated by?

A

the radial nerve

54
Q

whats the difference between extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

longus originates from supracondylar ridge whilst brevis from lateral epicondyle
longus inserts into metacarpal 2 and brevis into 3

55
Q

whats the function of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

extensio. and abduction of the wrist

56
Q

where does the extensor digitorum muscle attach?

A

extensor hood of each finger

57
Q

whats the function of the extensor digitorum?

A

extension of fingers at MCP and IP joints

58
Q

how can you test the extensor digitorum muscle?

A

get patient to hold fingers out straight and get them to push up as you push down on one of their fingers

59
Q

what are extensor hoods?

A

elaboration of the extensor digitorum comunis tendon on the dorsum of each phalanx.

60
Q

where does the extensor digiti minimi attach?

A

extensor hood of little finger (alongwith extensor digitorum)

61
Q

whats the function of the extensor digiti minima?

A

extension of the little finger and wrist

62
Q

where does the extensor carpi ulnaris attach?

A

base of metacarpal 5

63
Q

whats the function of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

extension and adduction of wrist

64
Q

where does the anconeous muscle attach?

A

posterior and lateral part of olecranon

65
Q

whats the function of the anconeous muscle?

A

extension and stabilisatuon of the elbow joint

abducts the ulna during pronation of forearm

66
Q

where does the supinator muscle originate?

A

one head from lateral epicondyle and the other head from posterior surface of the ulna

67
Q

where does the supinator muscle attach?

A

posterior surface of radius

68
Q

whats the function of the supinator?

A

supination of forearm

69
Q

where does the abductor pollicis longus originate?

A

interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of radius and ulna here

70
Q

where does the abductor pollicis longus attach?

A

lateral side of metacarpal base 1

71
Q

whats the functon of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

abduction of the thumb

72
Q

where does the extensor pollicis brevis originate?

A

posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

73
Q

where does the extensor pollicis brevis attach?

A

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

74
Q

whats the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

extension of MCP and carpometacarpal joints of thumb

75
Q

where does the extensor pollicis longus originate?

A

posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

76
Q

where does the extensor pollicis longus attach?

A

distal phalanx of thumb

77
Q

whats the function of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

extension of all joints of the thumb

78
Q

where does the extensor indicis muscle originate?

A

posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane distal to ext pollicis longus

79
Q

where does the extensor indicis attach?

A

extensor hood of little finger

80
Q

whats the function of the extensor indicis?

A

extsnion of index finger

81
Q

what is the anatomical snuff box?

A

a triangular depression on the dorsal hand at the base of the thumb which is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension +abduction of the thumb
you can feel a pulse here as the radial artery passes through

xB12W2 (6 decks)

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