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xB12W2 > CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA, FOREARM AND WRIST > Flashcards

CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THE CUBITAL FOSSA, FOREARM AND WRIST Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cubital fossa?

A

a triangular shaped depression over the anterior aspect of the elbow joint

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2
Q

what forms the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

A

the medial border of the brachioradialis

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3
Q

what forms the medial border of the subital fossa?

A

the lateral border of the pronater teres muscle

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4
Q

what forms the superior border of the cubital fossa?

A

a horizontal line drawn between the epicondyles of the humerus

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5
Q

what forms the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

the biceptal aponeurosis, fascia, subcutaneous fat and skin

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6
Q

what forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

the brachialis and supinator

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7
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A 
radial nerve
biceps tendon
brachial artery
median nerve
REALLY NEED BEER TO BE AT MY NICEST
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8
Q

what superficial vein is in the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

the median cubital vein (connects cephalic and basilic veins)

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9
Q

what is the clinical importance of the cubital fossa?

A

access for venepuncture, bp, arterial blood

elbow fractures could lead to damage of the contents

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10
Q

what causes volkmanns ischaemic contracture?

A

ischaemia to the forearm often caused by brachial artery damage

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11
Q

whats the function of anterior forearm muscles?

A

flexion

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12
Q

whats the function of posterior forearm muscles?

A

extension

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13
Q

which muscles of the forearm does the median nerve supply innervation to?

A

all anterior forearm muscles except for the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus

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14
Q

what is the common flexor origin?

A

the medial epicondyle

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15
Q

which muscle of the forearm may just be present as a tendon or not present at all?
and how do we test for its presence?

A

the palmaris longus

schaeffers test - put little and thumb together and flex the wrist

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16
Q

what are the muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
pronator teres

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17
Q

what is the muscle in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

the flexor digitorum superficialis

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18
Q

what are the muscles in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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19
Q

which muscles of the anterior forearm originiate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A 
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
pronator teres
flexor digitorum superficialis
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20
Q

where does the flexor carpi ulnaris attach?

A

the pisiform bone, hook of hamate and base of 5th metacarpal

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21
Q

where does flexor carpi radialis attach?

A

bade of metacarpals 12 and 3

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22
Q

whats the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

flexion and adduction of wrist

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23
Q

whats the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexion and abduction of wrist

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24
Q

where does the palmaris longus attach?

A

flexor retinaculum

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25
whats the function of the palmaris longus?
flexion at the wrist
26
where does the pronator teres attach?
laterally to the mid-shaft of the radius
27
whats the function of the pronator teres?
pronation of the forearm
28
where does the flexor digitorum superficialis attach?
sides of the middle phalanges of the 4 fingers
29
whats the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
flexion of MCP joints and PIP joints of the fingers and flexion of the wrist
30
where does the flexor digitorum profundus originate?
the ulna and interosseous membrane
31
where does the flexor digitorum profundus attach?
distal phalanges of the 4 fingers
32
whats the function of the flexor digitorum profundus?
flexion of DIP joints and MCP joints and wrist flexion
33
what is the flexor digitorum profundus muscle innervated by?
the medial half is innervated by the ulnar nerve and the lateral half by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve
34
how can we test function of the flexor digitorum profundus?
hold the PIP joint still to inhibit action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles and then flex the distal interphalangeal joint
35
where does the flexor pollicis longus originate?
anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane
36
where does the flexor pollicis longus attach?
base of distal phalanc of the thumb
37
whats the action of the flexor pollicis longus?
flexion of IP joint and MCP joint of thumb
38
where does the pronator quadratus originate?
anterior surface of the ulnar
39
where does the pronator quaddratus attach?
anterior surface of the radius
40
whats the action of the pronator quadratus
pronation of the forearm
41
describe the structure of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons within the finger?
the superficialus tendon splits into 2 branches and the profundus tendon passes between. the superficialis tendons then reunite deep to the profundus tendon, forming a loop and then insert into the plamar surface of the base of the midde phalanx whilst the profundus tendon inserts into the distal phalanx
42
what, in the hand, connects the radial and ulnar arteries?
the superficial palmar branch
43
what is the carpal tunnel?
a narrow passageway on the anterior portion of the wrist that serves as an entrance to the plam for tendons and nerves
44
what forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?
the flexor retinaculum (a fibroud band)
45
what is carpral tunnel syndrome?
when fluid accumulates in the joints of the hand so the tunnel becomes tight and causes pressure on the median nerve = tingling in the fingers and palms and even weakness of the thumb muscles
46
what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?
``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum communis extensor digiti minimi anconeous ```
47
what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
``` supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis proprius ```
48
where do all the superficial muscles of thr posterior forearm originate from?
the lateral epicondyle
49
why is the brachioradialis known as a paradoxical muscle?
its origin and innervation are characteristic of an extensor muscle but it is actually a flexor muscle
50
where does the brachioradialis originate??
lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
51
where does the brachioradialis attach?
distal end of the radius, just before styloid process
52
whats the function of the brachioradialis?
flexion at the elbow
53
what are all posterior muscles of the forearm innervated by?
the radial nerve
54
whats the difference between extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?
longus originates from supracondylar ridge whilst brevis from lateral epicondyle longus inserts into metacarpal 2 and brevis into 3
55
whats the function of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?
extensio. and abduction of the wrist
56
where does the extensor digitorum muscle attach?
extensor hood of each finger
57
whats the function of the extensor digitorum?
extension of fingers at MCP and IP joints
58
how can you test the extensor digitorum muscle?
get patient to hold fingers out straight and get them to push up as you push down on one of their fingers
59
what are extensor hoods?
elaboration of the extensor digitorum comunis tendon on the dorsum of each phalanx.
60
where does the extensor digiti minimi attach?
extensor hood of little finger (alongwith extensor digitorum)
61
whats the function of the extensor digiti minima?
extension of the little finger and wrist
62
where does the extensor carpi ulnaris attach?
base of metacarpal 5
63
whats the function of extensor carpi ulnaris?
extension and adduction of wrist
64
where does the anconeous muscle attach?
posterior and lateral part of olecranon
65
whats the function of the anconeous muscle?
extension and stabilisatuon of the elbow joint | abducts the ulna during pronation of forearm
66
where does the supinator muscle originate?
one head from lateral epicondyle and the other head from posterior surface of the ulna
67
where does the supinator muscle attach?
posterior surface of radius
68
whats the function of the supinator?
supination of forearm
69
where does the abductor pollicis longus originate?
interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of radius and ulna here
70
where does the abductor pollicis longus attach?
lateral side of metacarpal base 1
71
whats the functon of the abductor pollicis longus?
abduction of the thumb
72
where does the extensor pollicis brevis originate?
posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
73
where does the extensor pollicis brevis attach?
base of proximal phalanx of thumb
74
whats the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?
extension of MCP and carpometacarpal joints of thumb
75
where does the extensor pollicis longus originate?
posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
76
where does the extensor pollicis longus attach?
distal phalanx of thumb
77
whats the function of the extensor pollicis longus?
extension of all joints of the thumb
78
where does the extensor indicis muscle originate?
posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane distal to ext pollicis longus
79
where does the extensor indicis attach?
extensor hood of little finger
80
whats the function of the extensor indicis?
extsnion of index finger
81
what is the anatomical snuff box?
a triangular depression on the dorsal hand at the base of the thumb which is visible with ulnar deviation of the wrist and extension +abduction of the thumb you can feel a pulse here as the radial artery passes through

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