Movements

Question 1

flexion

Answer 1

movement on the sagittal plane that decreases the joint angle

Question 2

extension

Answer 2

movement on the sagittal plane that increases the joint angle

Question 3

hyperextension

Answer 3

movement along the sagittal plane that goes beyond anatomical position - joint angle is above 180

Question 4

abduction

Answer 4

movement on the frontal plane where the limb goes away from the midline of the body

Question 5

adduction

Answer 5

movement in the frontal plane of a limb towards the midline, or towards the midline of the hand or foot

Question 6

circumduction

Answer 6

nonplanar movement where a limb draws a cone in space

Question 7

medial (inward) rotation

Answer 7

movement on the transverse plane where a bone turns around its own axis directed towards the midline

Question 8

lateral (outward) rotation

Answer 8

movement on the transverse plane where a bone turns around its own axis directed away from the midline

Question 9

left and right rotation

Answer 9

movement in the transverse plane in which the head or trunk move right or left around the midline of the body
- vertebral column only, equates shaking the head “no”

Question 10

left and right lateral flexion

Answer 10

movement in the frontal plane where the head and/or trunk move to the left or right
- vertebral column only

Question 11

plantar flexion

Answer 11

movement in the sagittal plane in which the dorsal surface of the foot moves away from the anterior leg and closer to the posterior leg
- ankle/foot only

Question 12

dorsiflexion

Answer 12

movement in the sagittal plane in which the dorsal surface of the foot moves closer towards the anterior leg
- ankle/foot only

Question 13

inversion

Answer 13

nonplanar movement in which the sole of the foot turns medially
- ankle/foot only

Question 14

eversion

Answer 14

nonplanar movement in which the sole of the foot turns laterally
- ankle/foot only

Question 15

elevation

Answer 15

nonplanar movement where a body part is lifted superiorly

Question 16

depression

Answer 16

nonplanar movement where a body part is moved inferiorly

Question 17

protraction

Answer 17

nonangular anterior movement in a transverse plane

- ex. jutting out your jaw, shoulder girdle can also protract

Question 18

retraction

Answer 18

nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane

- shoulder girdle retraction can happen beyond anatomical position

Question 19

upward rotation

Answer 19

nonplanar movement in which the inferior angle of the scapulae move laterally and outward
- shoulder girdle only

Question 20

downward rotation

Answer 20

nonplanar movement in which the inferior angle of the scapulae move medially and downwards
- shoulder girdle only

Question 21

pronation

Answer 21

movement in the transverse plane where the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly
- special case of medial rotation at radioulnar joints

Question 22

supination

Answer 22

movement in the transverse plane where the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly (when the elbow flexes 90 degrees)
- special case of lateral rotation at the radioulnar joints

Question 23

opposition

Answer 23

nonplanar movement where the thumb can touch all the other fingertips