movement terms

Question 1

movement on the sagittal plane that decreases the joint angle

Answer 1

flexion

Question 2

movement on the sagittal plane that increases the joint angle

Answer 2

extension

Question 3

movement along the sagittal plane that goes beyond anatomical position - joint angle is above 180

Answer 3

hyperextension

Question 4

movement on the frontal plane where the limb goes away from the midline of the body

Answer 4

abduction

Question 5

movement in the frontal plane of a limb towards the midline, or towards the midline of the hand or foot

Answer 5

adduction

Question 6

nonplanar movement where a limb draws a cone in space

Answer 6

cicumduction

Question 7

movement on the transverse plane where a bone turns around its own axis directed towards the midline

Answer 7

medial (inward) rotation

Question 8

movement on the transverse plane where a bone turns around its own axis directed away from the midline

Answer 8

lateral (outward) rotation

Question 9

movement in the frontal plane where the head and/or trunk move to the left or right
- vertebral column only

Answer 9

left and right lateral flexion

Question 10

movement in the transverse plane in which the head or trunk move right or left around the midline of the body
- vertebral column only, equates shaking the head “no”

Answer 10

left and right rotation

Question 11

movement in the sagittal plane in which the dorsal surface of the foot moves away from the anterior leg and closer to the posterior leg
- ankle/foot only

Answer 11

plantar flexion

Question 12

movement in the sagittal plane in which the dorsal surface of the foot moves closer towards the anterior leg
- ankle/foot only

Answer 12

dorsiflexion

Question 13

nonplanar movement in which the sole of the foot turns medially
- ankle/foot only

Answer 13

inversion

Question 14

nonplanar movement in which the sole of the foot turns laterally
- ankle/foot only

Answer 14

eversion

Question 15

nonplanar movement where a body part is lifted superiorly

Answer 15

elevation

Question 16

nonplanar movement where a body part is moved inferiorly

Answer 16

depression

Question 17

nonangular anterior movement in a transverse plane

- ex. jutting out your jaw, shoulder girdle can also protract

Answer 17

protraction

Question 18

nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane

- shoulder girdle retraction can happen beyond anatomical position

Answer 18

retraction

Question 19

movement in the transverse plane where the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly
- special case of medial rotation at radioulnar joints

Answer 19

pronation

Question 20

movement in the transverse plane where the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly (when the elbow flexes 90 degrees)
- special case of lateral rotation at the radioulnar joints

Answer 20

supination

Question 21

nonplanar movement in which the inferior angle of the scapulae move medially and downwards
- shoulder girdle only

Answer 21

downward rotation

Question 22

nonplanar movement in which the inferior angle of the scapulae move laterally and outward
- shoulder girdle only

Answer 22

upward rotation

Question 23

nonplanar movement where the thumb can touch all the other fingertips

Answer 23

opposition