Movements

Question 0

Hop

Answer 0

Movement of elevation begun on ball of one foot & landing on ball of same foot

Question 1

Bow

Answer 1

Feet & head in 1st pos, arms in 1st or at sides
Incline body forward slowly (not too far) & return to original position.
If arms at sides, bring to 1st on 1st count after bow

Question 2

Spring

Answer 2

Movement of elevation beginning on ball of one foot and landing on ball of other foot

Question 3

Step

Answer 3

Transfer of weight from one foot on to ball of other foot, with or without travel
When designated, may lower heel to finish on flat

Question 4

Assemble

Answer 4

Movement of elevation begun on ball of one foot & landing on balls of both feet in 3rd or 5th

Question 5

Disassemble

Answer 5

Movement if elevation begun in closed position with equal weight, flat or on balls of both feet, finished landing on ball of one foot with other placed in (or raised to) specified position
No travel on disassemble and no extension of landing foot (unless specified)

Question 6

Change

Answer 6

Movement of elevation begun with weight on balls of both feet in 5th and landing on balls of both feet simultaneously in 5th with other foot front.
No extension towards 2nd on elevation
May also be done in 3rd

Question 7

Leap

Answer 7

Movement of elevation begun on balls of both feet in 5th, extending feet toward 2nd aerial, finished landing simultaneously on balls of both feet in 5th with or without change of feet.
On extension during elevation both legs should be straightened

Question 8

Outward Brush

Answer 8

Half point of working foot lightly touches ground in progress from 3rd aerial very low through 3rd to open aerial position or from a rear position, thru 1st to 4th aerial position
When done with spring or hop, working foot touches almost simultaneously on landing

Question 9

Inward brush

Answer 9

Half pt lightly touches ground in progress from an open aerial position to accepted closed pos (e.g. shuffle) or 3rd aerial low (hbbb)

Question 10

Shake for ST

Answer 10

Always done w/hop
working foot progressively extended by 2 or more subsidiary movements (“shake actions”) from 3rd/5th pos to 2nd aerial high. Shake actions come from knee and are controlled by thigh; they should start while flexing knee of supporting leg in prep for hop, simultaneously on landing from which, working foot arrives at highest pt. ex counting: and and a 1

Question 11

Shake for fling

Answer 11

Always with a hop
Working foot starts placed in 3rd/5th pos from where it is extended to 4th Int aerial pos using only 1 subsidiary movement. Thus actual shake = 2 shake actions, 1st finished in 4th Int aerial low and 2nd arriving at 4th Int aerial simultaneously upon landing from the hop.
Ex counting: 1 and [and] a 2 or 1 [and] and a 2

Question 12

Pas de basque

Answer 12

Prepare w/ext of working foot to 2nd aerial pos low, spring to that side bringing the working foot to 3rd/5th pos on half pt and beat (w/o exaggeration) on the ball of the other foot in 3rd/5th rear, at same time sharply extending front foot if needed to begin next movement.
- same pos (3rd/5th) throughout
- when turn or partial turn done w/2 pdb, no ext to finish 1st pdb and 2nd done w/little-no travel
- May be danced w/other than lateral travel, in which case ext of starting foot is along req line of travel (generally toward 4th Int)
Counting for 2pdb:
Sword - 1& 2 3& 4
All others - 1 & 2 3 & 4

Question 13

Open pdb

Answer 13

Pdb w/front foot in 4th opposite 5th and no extension at the finish
Used in sword dance, in quick step also in 4th, 4th Int, and 2nd

Question 14

High cut - describe

Answer 14

Spring, hop, or disassemble - simultaneously on landing take the working foot to 3rd rear aerial. Then, working from knee only, extend working foot towards 2nd aerial pos and return to 3rd rear aerial. During elevation one or both legs are extended toward 2nd aerial pos. no side travel unless specified.

Question 15

High cuts in series - describe, options

Answer 15

Succession of springs from 3rd rear aerial to 3rd rear aerial, executing high cut each time & during each elevation extend both feet toward 2nd aerial pos. extension for foot from which spring is commenced may be slight.
Can be danced w/ or w/o extensions
S’pey: 1& 2& 3& 4& (sometimes single one 1 and [and])
Reel: 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 (sometimes single one 1 and [and])

Question 16

High cuts in sword or reel - rule for ext

Answer 16

If extended, high cut which is executed from disassemble must be extended

Question 17

High cuts w/o extension - rule re 1st one

Answer 17

Permissible to extend high cut that is executed in conjunction w/disassemble

Question 18

High cut in front

Answer 18

Same as high cut, but raised foot is taken thru 4th Int aerial to 3rd aerial & re-extension is towards 4th Int aerial (some steps specify ext to 2nd aerial).
Never in series

Question 19

Balance

Answer 19

Start w/R foot in 4th Int aerial, hips facing front w/R shoulder slightly advanced, arms in 3rd pos & head in 2nd pos. spring onto R foot, displacing supporting foot which is taken to 4th Int rear pos aerial. Repeat contra to complete movement & finish in starting pos. 2 bears of music.

Question 20

Traveling balance

Answer 20

Start as for a balance, bring R foot inwards to take 3 steps R L R traveling diagonally backward in a line ~45deg to line of direction, stepping 5th, 4th Int, 5th. Extend L to 4th Int rear aerial simult on taking 3rd step (1 & 2).” Repeat contra, traveling fwd along same line to finish in starring pos (3 & 4).
Upper body erect the whole time
Arms are taken inwards to fourth pos during backward during backward travel then to 3rd during fwd travel OR circled outwards and down to at sides to 5th on backwards and circled outwards & up at sides to 3rd on fwd travel

Question 21

Rock

Answer 21

Spring from 3rd/5th pos to 3rd rear pos, or vice-versa, pointing working foot on landing, touching ground lightly. Rocks are usually danced in series, in which 1st one is started from open pos. rear foot always pointed 1st.

Question 22

Round the leg

Answer 22

Working foot is passed from 3rd rear aerial to 3rd aerial, or vice-versa. During movement the working foot must be kept as close as possible to supporting leg with the knee of working leg held well back

Question 23

Shedding

Answer 23

Hop, spring, or disassemble pointing working foot to 2nd pos (1); hop, taking working foot to 3rd rear aerial pos (2); hop, executing round the leg movement with working foot to 3rd aerial (3); hop, executing round the leg movement with working foot to 3rd rear aerial pos (4).
Arms: 2nd opposite

Question 24

Toe-and-heel

Answer 24

Hop or spring & simultaneously upon landing point working foot in specified pos, then hop & simultaneously upon landing place heel of same foot in specified pos. 2 beats.
Toe & heel touch ground lightly and working foot is kept fairly low.
Specified pos may be 2nd, 3rd, or 4th opp 5th. 90 deg turn-out of working foot as much as possible for all (req for 2nd)
S

Question 25

Heel-and-toe

Answer 25

Hop, placing heel of working foot in 2nd pos; hop, pointing working foot in 3rd or 5th. 2 beats.

Question 26

Back stepping

Answer 26

Start w/one foot in 3rd aerial, execute round the leg to 3rd rear aerial and, w/spring slide it down back of supporting leg bringing other foot quickly up to 3rd aerial. May also be executed starting or finishing in 3rd rear aerial. Ea back step is 1 beat.

Question 27

Shuffle

Answer 27

Start w/one foot in mid-4th aerial pos low, spring/hop &, during elevation, extend original supporting foot to mid-4th aerial pos low. Almost simultaneously on landing, brush new working foot inwards on half point in 3rd/5th & immed brush it outwards to mid-4th aerial pos low
working foot stays in contact w/floor on inward brush & w/instep slightly relaxed to bring heel over instep of supporting foot (“over the buckle”)
Never w/lateral or fwd travel, but backward if specified
If preceding movement finishes w/working foot in aerial pos other than mid-4th low, 1st shuffle may be started from there.
S’pey: 1& 2& 3& 4&
Reel: 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &

Question 28

Pivot turn

Answer 28

Place R foot on half point in 3rd crossed, pivot to the left on balls of both feet without displacing them, finishing w/L foot front in 3rd/5th
(Can be done contra)
Working foot may be extended to 4th Int aerial first
A small step backwards toward 4th Int rear prior to placing in 3rd crossed may be taken, & if so no ext to 4th Int aerial is taken
Arms 1st/4th (if 4th arm comes up thru 3rd)

Question 29

Hop brush beat beat

Answer 29

Hop, extending working foot to 4th Int aerial (if not already there), quickly execute an inward brush to 3rd aerial low (1 and [and]); place working foot in 3rd/5th on half point & lightly beat rear foot in 3rd/5th
(a 2)
Working foot may extend to 4th Int or 2nd aerial, as needed for next movement, immed upon beating rear foot

Question 30

Shake-shake-down

Answer 30

Hop, executing shake action w/working foot in 4th Int aerial; hop, carrying working foot slightly backward to execute another shake w/that foot in 2nd aerial then spring to displace supporting foot which, if required is extended sharply to any open aerial to start next movement or finish w/assemble prior to quick step or leap.
Both shake actions may be to 2nd aerial, in which case no backward movement of working foot
Starting pos of working foot depends on whether it has been extended to finish hbbb movement
3 & 4 or 7 & 8

Question 31

Propelled pivot turn

Answer 31

In reel, 2 dancers, facing opp dir w/shoulder-lines parallel; inner arm of ea dancer extended diagonally fwd & linked* w/that of other dancer, other arm in 2nd & head slightly toward partner.
* inner forearms rest parallel in contact w/each other w/palm lightly supporting underside of partner’s arm just above elbow. Thumb must not encircle partner’s upper arm.

starts w/slight fwd spring on to inner foot whilst linking that arm as described above (1); place outer foot on half point in 2nd to allow for slight travel of inner foot (&2); repeat &2 action as req so that inner foot takes most of wt & outer foot acts as propelling force to produce turn, knees slightly relaxed

Question 32

Progressive strathspey movement

Answer 32

Beg w/R foot in 3rd aerial, step w/that foot along line of travel to 4th Int (1); close ball of L foot to 5th rear, extending R to 4th Int aerial (2); spring onto R along line of travel bringing L to 3rd rear aerial (3); hop R w/slight fwd travel, executing round the leg w/L ton3rd aerial (4). Head always toward line of travel.
On 1-2, body at 45 deg angle to line of travel, R sh leading; on 3 body faces line of travel; on 4 body is on 45 deg angle to line of travel, L sh leading

Question 33

Progressive reel movement

Answer 33

Hop L taking R to 3rd aerial, then step w/R along line of travel to 4th Int pos (&1); close ball of L foot to 3rd/5th rear and then step w/R foot along line of travel (& 2). Repeat w/opp foot
During hop working foot may extend thru 4th Int aerial before placing in 3rd aerial
Body pos as for strathspey, beg to change sh lead on step preceding the hop