Movement (Planes, Axes, etc.)

Question 1

What is anterior/posterior? give an example of each

Answer 1

anterior - towards the front (ex. eyes are anterior to the brain)

posterior - towards the back (ex. the shoulder blades are posterior to the ribs)

Question 2

What is superior/inferior? give an example of each

Answer 2

superior - upward surfaces (ex. chest is superior to the pelvis)

inferior - downwards surfaces (ex. the neck is inferior to the chin)

Question 3

What is medial/lateral? give an example of each

Answer 3

medial - towards the midlines (ex. the nose is medial to the eyes)

lateral - away from the midline (ex. the ears are lateral to the eyes)

Question 4

What is proximal/distal? give an example of each

Answer 4

proximal - towards the point of attachment of the limb to the body (ex. the knee is proximal to the foot)

distal - means farther away from the point of attachment (ex. the hand is distal to the elbow)

Question 5

What is superficial/deep?

Answer 5

superficial - on, or close to the surface of the body (ex. skin is superficial to muscles)

deep - farther away from the surface of the body (ex. brain is deep to the skull)

Question 6

the axis of rotation is always _______ to the plane of movement?

Answer 6

perpendicular

Question 7

what is the frontal plane

Answer 7

vertically extend from one side of the body to the other

Question 8

what is the transverse plane

Answer 8

horizontally divides the body into upper and lower segments

Question 9

what is the sagittal plane

Answer 9

vertically extends from the front of the body to the back

Question 10

what is the horizontal axis

Answer 10

extends from one side the body to the other

Question 11

what is the longitudinal axis

Answer 11

is vertical, running from head to toe

Question 12

what is the antero-posterior axis

Answer 12

extends from the front of the body to the back

Question 13

What is flexion

Answer 13

action of bending at a joint such that the joint angle decreases (ex. bicep curl)

Question 14

what is extension

Answer 14

the opposite of flexion; joint angle increases

Question 15

what is abduction

Answer 15

(ab = from) move a body segment to the side and away from your body

(ex. putting your hands up for a jumping jack)

Question 16

what is adduction

Answer 16

(add = to) the opposite of abduction; add to the body

(ex. putting your hands down for a jumping jack)

Question 17

What is planter flexion? (only for ankle)

Answer 17

is specific to the angle joint; it occurs when you point your toes

Question 18

What is dorsiflexion? (only for ankle)

Answer 18

occurs when you bend the ankle to bring the top of your foot closer to the shin

Question 19

What is supination? (commonly with wrists)

Answer 19

the wrist rotates such that the palm of your hand is facing forward (ex. holding a bowl of soup)

Question 20

What is pronation? (commonly with wrists)

Answer 20

occurs in the opposite direction of supination (hand is facing backwards)

Question 21

What is inversion?

Answer 21

associated with the ankle joint; standing on the outer edge of your foot

most common for ankle injuries

Question 22

What is eversion?

Answer 22

standing on the inner edge of your foot

Question 23

What is external rotation?

Answer 23

twist or turn a body part outward from the midline (eg. turning your toes outward)

Question 24

What is internal rotation?

Answer 24

twist or turn a body part inwards towards the midline (eg. point your feet inwards)

Question 25

What is elevation?

Answer 25

movement in an upwards direction (eg. shrugging your shoulders)

Question 26

What is depression?

Answer 26

movement in a downwards direction

Question 27

What is protraction?

Answer 27

refers to movement in a forward direction (anterior) ex. moving your chin forward

Question 28

What is retraction?

Answer 28

movement in a backward direction (posterior) ex. moving your chin backward

Question 29

What is circumduction?

Answer 29

a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction ex. when a softball pitcher throws a ball with the "windmill" action

Question 30

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 30

upright, standing position with head, eyes, and toes pointing forward; feet together and arms slightly out to the side facing forward

Question 31

straightening out your leg at the knee is an example of

Answer 31

extension

Question 32

a bicep curls is an example of arm _____ at the elbow

Answer 32

flexion

Question 33

unscrewing a bottle with your right head is an example of _________ at the wrist

Answer 33

supination

Question 34

standing on your tiptoes is an example of ____ at the ankle

Answer 34

plantar flexion

Question 35

bringing your arms in towards your sides is an example of

Answer 35

adduction

Question 36

throwing an underhand softball pitch is an example of _____ at the shoulder

Answer 36

circumduction

Question 37

most common ankle injuries involved either ____________ at the ankle joint.

Answer 37

inversion

Question 38

shrugging to indicate a "no" response is an example of _____ of the shoulders.

Answer 38

elevation

Question 39

the quadricep muscles are located on the _______ side of the thigh

Answer 39

anterior

Question 40

the heart is _____ to the diaphragm

Answer 40

superior

Question 41

the elbow joint is at the _____ end of the humerus

Answer 41

distal

Question 42

the shoulder joint is at the _______ end of the humerus

Answer 42

proximal

Question 43

tennis elbow (a tendon injury on the outer side of the elbow) involves an injury to the __________ epicondyle

Answer 43

lateral

Question 44

a figure skater in a spinning movement is rotating on the ______ axis

Answer 44

longitudinal

Question 45

a figure skater in a spinning movement is rotating on the ______ plane

Answer 45

transverse

Question 46

a forward tumble by a gymnast involves rotation on the _______ axis

Answer 46

horizontal axis

Question 47

a forward tumble by a gymnast involves rotation on the _____ plane

Answer 47

sagittal

Question 48

a sideways cartwheel involves rotation on the ________ axis

Answer 48

antero-posterior

Question 49

a sideways cartwheel involves rotation on the _______ plane

Answer 49

frontal