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Movement > Movement of Forces > Flashcards

Movement of Forces Flashcards

1
Q

Internal forces

A

musculoskeletal, vestibular, proprioception, vision

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2
Q

External Forces

A

wind, water, friction, gravity

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3
Q

Buoyancy

A

Upward force-weight of displaced liquid

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4
Q

Drag

A

Resistance due to pressure or speed

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5
Q

Lift

A

Change in pressure due to differences in air or liquid flow around an object

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6
Q

Friction

A

force acting in the opposite direction. Ex: sitting on a seat, massage, striking match, shoes. Is reduced using rolling wheels

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7
Q

Shear forces

A

Bone and tissue move one way, skin moves the other way, can lead to skin breakdown.

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8
Q

isometric

A

a muscle contraction that involves no change in a muscle length

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9
Q

isotonic

A

a muscle contraction that involves a change in a muscles’ length

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10
Q

Concentric contraction

A

a muscle contraction whereby the length of a muscle decreases

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11
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

a muscle contraction whereby the length of a muscle increases

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12
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

any vertical plane that divides the body into left and right flexion and extension. Medial , lateral

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13
Q

Frontal Plane

A

any vertical plane that divides the body or its parts into anterior and posterior sections. Abduction and adduction.

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14
Q

Transverse plane

A

Upper and lower parts superior and inferior. Rotation. Rotation cervical spine, external rotation, internal rotation,

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15
Q

Axis

A

runs perpendicular to a plane

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16
Q

Fibrous joint

A

has no synovial cavity . Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

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17
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

lacks a synovial cavity and permits little or no movement. Synchrondoses and symphyses.

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18
Q

Hinge Joint

A

ankles, elbows, fingers. Swinging back and forth. Uniaxial joint.

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19
Q

Pivot joint

A

pronating forearm proximal radioulnar joint. Rotation of head first and second cervical vertebrae(atlantoaxial joint).

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20
Q

Ellipsoid joint

A

Wrist(radoiocarpal) joint biaxial joint

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21
Q

Saddle joint

A

biaxial joint articulation between trapezium small carpal bones in wrist. First metacarpal bones of your thumb. side to side motions.

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22
Q

Ball and socket

A

hip(coxal) and shoulder (glenohumeral) Triaxial joint. Three planes.

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23
Q

Gliding

A

Joints between carpal bones in the wrist and tarsal bones in your foot. non axial joint.

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24
Q

Gravity

A

The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass

25
Q

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion. Law of Inertia

A

With no outside forces, a stationary object will never move. An object at rest will stay at rest. An object in motion will stay in motion. Ex: Running into a brick wall. Tapping Ball into the green object stays in motion.

26
Q

Newtons 2nd Law of Motion. Law of acceleration

A

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of an object and the amount of force applied. Ex: pushing a car, pushing a cart, heavy laundry basket too light.

27
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law- Law of Action Reaction

A

For every action their is an equal and opposite reaction Ex: water in a paddle, walking shoes push to the ground,

28
Q

Center of Gravity

A

The imaginary balancing point where the weight of an object is concentrated.Wherever most of the mass is is located. For example: A pregnant women would be father anteriorly than a normal person. Reach left arm up and laterally flex your spine to the right your COG moves superiorly laterally to the right.

29
Q

Base of support

A

is the part of parts of the body in contact with a supportive surface such as the floor or ground. Walker, crutches, or cane. Set feet a hip width and one foot a step slightly in front of the other to increase depth of stance.

30
Q

force

A

is any influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change. Direction, movement, or structure. Outside or insider of the body.

31
Q

Inertia

A

an objects resistance to a change in its state of motion or rest. Ex: a rolling ball will continue to travel if resistance is absent.

32
Q

mass

A

the quantity of matter in an object

33
Q

torque

A

Force with a twist. rotation of an object about(around) an axis. Ex: crank a wrench to tighten a bolt, unscrew bottle top,

34
Q

Vector

A

force with direction an magnitude. Ex: karate chop, a departing jet, muscle forces, hamstrings contract.

35
Q

Friction

A

force that resists the relative motion of two surfaces. Slows down as you go. Ex: match between fingers, running between foot, shoe, and ground, chewing food.

36
Q

Levers

A

a simple machine that can amplify an applied force(effort) by converting it into torque. Ex: sweeping floor, cutting with scissors, opening can opener.

37
Q

Anatomical lever

A

rigid bar and an axis(fulcrum) for the bar to pivot around that is a bone and a joint.

38
Q

Bar and axis together

A

axis, effort, and resistance

39
Q

First class lever

A

force amplification, high marks for force, but scores poorly on range of motion and speed.. Ex: can opener and scissors.

40
Q

Second class lever

A

Between the axis and the effort. More powerful than first lever. EX: stepping up on toes, return phase of push up. Small movement but creating a tremendous force.

41
Q

Third class lever

A

all about range of motion and speed. Ex: brooms, tweezers, baseball bats, tennis rackets. Doesn’t provide much force. Mostly of limbs, flex elbow, wrist, and knee.

42
Q

Stability

A

ability to be firmly fixed or supported. Uses an ever changing array of joints muscles and fasciae to create essential support for mobility. Center of gravity, base of support, and line of gravity.

43
Q

balance

A

the even distribution of weight

44
Q

Equilibrium

A

an object is balanced when all the forces and torques acting on it are even. The objects center of gravity and its base of support. Three states of equilibrium.

45
Q

Stable equilibrium

A

is when an object’s center of gravity is in its lower position. Lying flat on your back will set your equilibrium in its most stable position and your center of gravity and its lowest point.

46
Q

Unstable equilibrium

A

occurs when an objects stability is easily disturbed by a small force and its center of gravity is elevated.

47
Q

Neutral equilibrium

A

happens when an object’s center of gravity, is neither raised nor lowered when disturbed.

48
Q

Factors of equilibrium

A

Combine elements of stability, center of gravity, base of support, and line of gravity. These components determine whether you (or any object) find stability.

1) the size of the person’s base of support
2) the relationship between a person’s line of gravity and their base of support.
3) The height of a person’s center of gravity.

49
Q

Stability Principles

A

1) the lower a body’s center of gravity, the greater its stability.
2. Widening the body’s base of support in the direction of the line of force will generate greater stability.
3) To maximize stability, a person’s line of gravity needs to pass through the base of support at the location that will provide the largest potential range of motion in the direction of motion forces.
4) Generally speaking, a person with more mass will possess greater stability
5) Since the human body is composed of vertically stacked segments, its most stable arrangement is when the center of gravity of each weight-bearing section is centered over the base of support
6) The more friction between a surface and the body’s point of contact with that surface, the more stable the body will be.

50
Q

Line of gravity

A

an imaginary vertical line passing from the center of gravity of an object down to the ground. Line of action of the force of gravity. To afford you upright posture with minimal effort and reduced strain.Through the ear and mastoid process, just anterior to shoulder joint, posterior to hip joint and greater trochanter, just posterior of center of knee, just anterior to front of ankle.

51
Q

Kyphotic-lordotic

A

zigzag posture occurs when the stabilizing musculature of the pelvis-abdominals, multifidi, and hamstrings weaken and pelvic bowl tilts forward. Enlarging spinal curves. Being less upright, drain on postural supportive muscles.

52
Q

kyphosis

A

excessive curve, usually in thoracic spine. posterior hump.

53
Q

lordosis

A

exacerbated of curvature of lumbar spine. Excessive anterior pelvic tilt.

54
Q

Rounded back

A

excessive flexion of the thoracic spine. Chronically held flexed posture. Neck hyperextend in order for the head to remain level. The thoracic extensors become stretch weakened while the neck extensors and pectorals become adaptively shortened..

55
Q

Swayback

A

occurs when the pelvis tilts posteriorly and then shifts forward in relationship to the feet. The hip joints extend, allowing the hamstrings and iliac too shorten. Lumbar spine can become hyperlordotic, while the thoracic spine become excessively kyphotic. This pulls the head forward to lengthen and weaken the upper back extensors and neck flexors.

56
Q

Torticollis

A

wry neck, this condition involves an abnormal shift of the head or neck. It could include a fixed or mobile rotation , tilt, or flexion of the head and/or neck. One common cause can be compromised sternocleidomastoid that pull the head closer to the affected muscle.

57
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curve, this abnormality is any sideways deviation of the spine. S-shaped bow in the vertebral column, it might also involve some level of rotation on the part of individual vertebrae.

58
Q

Valgus

A

knock knees, oblique displacement of part of the limb away from the midline.

59
Q

Varus

A

distal part more medial.

Movement (6 decks)

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