Movement Final Flashcards
1
Q
Function of the shoulder
A
Postion the UE in space to allow the distal hand to perform necessary daily tasks, joint function promotes mobility, not stability, function dependent upon integrity of structures.
2
Q
joints for shoulder and scapula
A
sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, glenohumeral
3
Q
Movement of scapula
A
elevation and depression, protraction and retraction, upward and downward
4
Q
Goniometer
A
Tool used to measure joint range of motion
5
Q
stationary arm
A
Place on the proximal portion of the joint
6
Q
Fulcrum
A
Rivet on the goniometer
7
Q
Appropriate to complete a standardized Rom assessment instead of functional ROM assessment
A
When functional ROM or joint ROM is limited.
8
Q
Steps of ROM
A
- Make sure patient is in a comfortable supported position. 2. Explain the goniometer to the patient. 3. Move the limb through the motion to be able to estimate the available Functional ROM. 4. Palpate the body landmark for measurement. 5. Place the goniometer over the joint axis in the correct position. 6. Establish the starting range of motion number at 0 or -. 7. Have the patient do the AROM or PROM movement that your are assessing. 8. Reposition the moveable arm of the goniometer checking that the axis is still placed accurately. 9. Note the number of degrees at final position. 10. Record the number of degrees to the nearest 5 degrees.
9
Q
Spasticity
A
muscle being in a prolonged contraction and muscle fibers shorten. Strength is the muscle contractibility to move the joint through ROM.
10
Q
May affect muscle strength
A
age, muscle spasms, muscle fatigue, medical instability
11
Q
Scapula
A
pair of flat bones. Primary function: site for muscle attachment. 15 major muscles acting on the shoulder attach to the scapula. Abnormal position means dysfunction to the scapula.
12
Q
Assessments measure movement
A
coordination tests, handwriting tests, CNS motor recovery tests, AROM/PROM/ AAROM, MMT
13
Q
WFL
A
Within normal limits
14
Q
Joint movement
A
is adversely affected by disease, trauma, and aging process
15
Q
Joint measurement
A
data assist in accurately evaluating a patients progress
16
Q
Functional/Informal ROM
A
the minimum ROM need for performance of occupations
17
Q
Goniometer ROM testing
A
calibrated at 0 degrees at starting position up to 180 to 360 degrees. 3 parts stationary bar, moving arm, and fulcrum(axis). Measure Rom in anatomic position except when rotation is measured.
18
Q
When do you do formal AROM and PROM in testing
A
When you observe ROM that is not WFL when directed to do so by OTR. When you have demonstrated competent in performing assessment.
19
Q
MMT limitations
A
cannot measure muscle endurance, coordination, or performance capabilities. Cannot be used when spasticity is present, Client fatigue/ able to follow commands, client positioning.
20
Q
General MMT procedure
A
- OTA instructed by OTR to perform MMT. 2. Check diagnosis and MD order. 3. visual check of muscle. 4. Observation of quality of movement during ROM. 5. Postioning: firm surface, feet on floor trunk/ UE supported. Client performs AROM against gravity,
21
Q
ROM/ MMT precautions
A
Inflammation, pain, recent surgery(location of surgery, MD orders allowed ROM), bone cancer, Osteoporosis(limited MMT or none), dementia, COPD, cardiovascular disease, MS, arthritis(modify MMT), CVA(no MMT unless normal AROM),
22
Q
2 joints at elbow
A
humeroulnar, and humeroradial
23
Q
joint in forearm
A
proximal radioulnar joint
24
Q
Elbow flexors
A
biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres
25
Elbow extensors
triceps and aconeus
26
Thumb
1st digit
27
opposition
combination of thumb flexion, and abduction
28
Functional hand position
Wrist: 20 degree extension, Fingers: slight flexion@ all joints with more flexion at 5th digit than 2nd digit. Thumb: opposed to 2nd digit.
29
Functional hand position
wrist 20 to 30 degrees of extension and slight ulnar deviation, Fingers in 45 degrees of MCP. 15 degrees PIP, and DIP flexion. Thumb 45 degrees of abduction.
30
Cylindrical
All fingers flexed around an object in one direction and thumb flexed in opposite direction. Examples holding golf clubs, steering wheel, hammer
31
Spherical
all fingers and thumb abducted around object with fingers apart. Examples: holding an orange, turning door knob, opening jar
32
Hook
fingers flexed around object in hook pattern. Carrying briefcase, bucket.
33
Lateral key/ pinch
hold object between thumb and index finger. Example holding key
34
Palmar pinch/3 point
thumb at 2nd and 3rd digit. Example: holding a pen
35
Tip/two point pinch
thumb @ 2nd digit picking up a bead
36
Extrinsic muscles
muscle origins outside of hand. wrist and digit flexors/extensors
37
Intrinsic muscles
muscle origin inside hand(originate and insert distal to carpal bones) thenar, hypothenar, interossei, and lumbricals.
38
Factors influencing hand function
sensation, skin suppleness, arthritic deformities, CNS/ PNS disorder(hand injuries), joint laxity,
39
Trunk bending
Trunk side bending in frontal plane. 0 to 35 degrees.
Standing with shoes off and shoulder width apart and
Slide left hand down and come back up don’t want to see contralateral .
Distal end long finger tip to floor
Palpate S1 process over her iliac crest and coming across and approximately L3, L4.
L4 inferior to that L5 S1 and that’s where my fulcrum goes to be perpendicular to the floor.
Line up moving arm with C7 spinous process
40
Trunk rotation
Feet on floor back not supported by the chair
Arms over chest occurs in transverse plane normal value 0 to 45 degrees. Stand behind the patient.
Fulcrum cranial aspect of the head the stationary arm is parallel to the imaginary line that connects the two iliac crest which . Palpate the acromion process. Turn body look at the right side
41
Trunk Flexion
Trunk flexion in sagittal plane. Bend as far as they can and take distal end of their long finger perpendicular down to the floor.
Chin to chest and slowly bend down hands down to floor as far as they can. C7 spinous process and the S1 spinous process. Find iliac crests were going to. Approximate L3 L4 Junction. 1st spinous process at L4 if I keep coming down inferiorly L5 and the next S1. Tape measure C7 and S1
42
Trunk extension
In sagittal plane and it Put hands on your hips. Arch your back but not your neck. C7 spinous process to S1 spinous process.
43
Hip flexion
Hip flexion in the sagittal plane. O to 120 degrees. Patient in supine measure the right hip. Place hand on your stomach. Bring knee to chest. Fulcrum greater trochanter of her femur. IStationary arm lateral midline of the pelvis. moving arm lateral midline of femur
44
Hip abduction
Hip Abduction in frontal plane. Normal hip abduction 40 degrees and hip adduction 20 degrees. Patient supine on the bed. Palpate the patients AnteriorSuperior Iliac Spine(ASIS). Fulcrum goes over the ASIS on the test the side is the hip your using. Stationary arm is going to go across the contralateral ASIS. Moving arm is going to line up with the anterior midline of the patella.
45
Hip adduction
Palpate two bones at hip. Fulcrum over ASIS of the hip that I am testing. The stationary arm goes to contralateral ASIS my toes and kneecap point to top of ceiling. Bring leg close to other leg as far as can go. Moving arm Anterior midline of patella
46
Hip Extension
Hip extension in sagittal plane. Normal value 0 to 30 degrees. Patient lying prone. Place pillow under her abdomen to protect her low back. Leg straight and lift your whole leg up off the bed as high as you can. Fulcrum on greater trochanter. Palpate the greater trochanter. Stationary arm lined up with the lateral midline of the pelvis. Moving arm lateral midline of femur.
47
hip internal rotation
Anatomical position in the transverse plane. Short sit on edge of plinth. Internal and external rotation in frontal plane. 0 to 45 degrees. Towel under distal femur so that your femur is parallel with the ground and then. Internal rotation with foot out toward the wall. Make sure buttock is not coming off. No lateral trunk side bending. Fulcrum is going to go over the center aspect of the anterior aspect of the patella. The stationary arm is perpendicular of the floor. Moving arm lines up the tibial crest and need to palpate where the tibial crest is.
48
hip external rotation
External rotation of hip. Bring other foot toward other foot and if. Fulcurm in anterior aspect of the patella. Stationary arm perpendicular to the ground palpate the tibial crest
49
Knee flexion GOM
Minus 4. Bend and straighten it. Bring hip down. Sit on table bring knee back at 90 degrees. 0 to 150 degrees. Fulcrum: lateral epicondyle of femur.. Stationary arm: greater trochanter of femur
Moving arm : fibula
50
Ankle planter flexion extension.
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in sagittal plane. Dorsiflexion is 20 plantar flexion is 50. Inversion 35 and eversion is 15. Fulcrum is going to go right over the lateral malleolus. Stationary arm to the fibular head. Toes up to the ceiling. Moving arm parallel with the 5th metatarsal right the lateral aspect of it.
Plantar flexion: point toe down the moving arm needs to be parallel with the 5th metatarsal.
51
inversion
35 degrees Fulcrum go right in between the medial and lateral malleolus. Stationary arm line up with tibial crest. Moving arm lines up with the midline of the second metatarsal
52
Hip flexion MMT
Pt is sitting with his hip partially flexed and then therapist hands are positioned on the distal end of the femur proximal to the knee.
53
Hip extension MMT
Patinent prone for grades 5, 4 &3 for both hamstrings and glute well keep the knee extended ask the patient to lift their leg up toward the ceiling we . Stabilize at the trunk make sure the ASIS doesn’t lift up on the table. Apply resistance just above the ankle for 5 and 4/5. 4 moderate resistance. Pressure at distal thigh. Take the hamstrings out and test glutes max by itself we flex the knee to 90 degress again stabilize. Extend up toward the ceiling and we apply our pressure with a straight elbow over the distal femur. 3 completion of ful ROM for a 2 we ask the patient to go sidelines. Glute max we flex the knee to 9 degrees and again ask for a hip extension action
54
hip abduction MMT
Gluteus medius bottom leg flexed keep hip in neutral external and internal rotation. Make sure trunk does not move backwards or forwards during. Abduct the range against gravity there at least a 3. Apply resistance at the ankle and ask for and hold. Maximal resistance a 5. Hold pressure at distal femur he’s a 4.
55
Hip internal external rotation MMT
Thigh is facing inwards here that’s internal rotation. We stabilize at the knee with one hand and other hand applies resistance at the distal lower leg and we ask for hold as try to push him into external rotation.
56
Knee flexion MMT
Rotate foot medially as you stabilize your pelvis and palpate the semitendinosus and semimembranosus. On posterior medial aspect of the thigh. Rotate the foot laterally to isolate and palpate the biceps femoris muscle on the posterolateral aspect of the thigh. Apply resistance over the posterior aspect of the distal leg in the direction of the extension
57
knee extension MMT
Stabilize proximal thigh. Apply resistance of anterior flexion of leg. Palpate biceps femoris.
58
ankle plantar flexion MMT
Patient lie prone. Stabilize by placing your hand on the anterior portion of the leg and have them point their toes down into plantar flexion. Palpate the gastrocnemius . Place hand on distal part of the foot in order to resist them into dorsiflexion hold . Gravity eliminated turn to sideline palpate
Palpate the gastrocnemius and soleus at proximal aspect of the Achilles tendon. Stand on one leg heel raises up to 5 repetitions.
Grade 5: full ROM 4-5 times
Grade 4: Full ROM 2-3 times
Grade 3: Full ROM 1 time
59
ankle dorsiflexion MMT
Palpate tibialis anterior intralateral of the tibia
60
eversion MMT
eversion:
Palpate the peroneus longus and brevis. Behind lateral malleolus. Resistance of lateral border of the fifth metatarsals
61
Goniometric measurement Shoulder Flexion
Seated or supine humerus in neutral position. . Axis in center of humerus just distal to acromion process on lateral aspect of humerus. Stationary arm parallel to trunk and moveable arm parallel to humerus. Patient arm in sagittal plane of movement.
62
Shoulder extension GOM
Seated or prone obstruction behind humerus. Humerus in neutral position. Axis in center of humerus distal to acromion process or lateral aspect of humerus. Stationary arm parallel to trunk. moveable bar parallel to humerus. Movement is going back in sagittal plane.
63
Shoulder Abduction GOM
Seated or prone with humerus in adduction and external rotation. Axis on acromion process or posterior surface of shoulder. Stationary bar parallel to trunk, and moveable bar parallel to humerus. Arm moved to side of body in frontal plane of movement.
64
Shoulder horizontal abduction GOM
Seated with he shoulder to be tested abducted to 90 degrees. Elbow extended with the palm facing down. Patient's arm may be supported in abduction. Axis over acromion process, stationary bar parallel over the shoulder toward the neck, and moveable bar parallel to humerus on superior aspect. Back of body Horizontal plane of movement.
65
Shoulder internal rotation GOM
Seated with humerus adducted against trunk, elbow at 90 degrees and forearm in mid position and perpendicular to body. Axis on olecranon process of elbow, and stationary bar and moveable bar are parallel to forearm. Forearm is swung toward body through a horizontal plane of movement. Humerus must remain adducted.
66
Shoulder external rotation GOM
Humerus adducted elbow at 90 degrees and forearm in mid position, perpendicular to the body. Axis is on olecranon of elbow, and stationary bar and moveable bar are parallel to forearm. Patient's forearm is swung out from body through a horizontal plane of movement. Humerus must remain adducted.
67
Elbow extension to flexion GOM
standing, sitting, or supine with humerus adducted and externally rotated and forearm supinated. Axis is placed on lateral epicondyle of humerus at end of elbow crease. Stationary bar is parallel midline of humerus, and moveable bar is parallel to radius. Forearm begins in extended position and is raised in sagittal plane of movement.
68
Forearm supination
seated or standing with humerus adducted elbow at 90 degrees and forearm in mid position. Axis is over mid shaft of third proximal phalanx. Stationary bar is perpendicular to floor, and moveable bar overlays shaft of pencil. Moved laterally around ulna
69
Forearm pronation
seated or standing with humerus adducted, elbow at 90 degrees, and forearm in mid position. Axis is over third proximal phalanx. Stationary bar perpendicular to floor and moveable bar overlays shaft of pencil. Rotated medially around ulna.
70
Wrist flexion GOM
seated with forearm in mid position and hand and forearm resting on table on ulnar border. Axis is on lateral aspect of wrist just distal to radial styloid in anatomic snuffbox. Stationary bar is parallel to radius, and moveable bar is parallel to metacarpal of index finger. Hand is flexed down so that palm moves closer to volar aspect of forearm.
71
Wrist extension GOM
Same as for wrist flexion fingers flexed. Axis is on lateral aspect of wrist just distal to radial styloid in anatomic snuffbox. Stationary bar parallel radius and moveable bar is parallel to metacarpal of index finger. Hand is raised up so that back of hand moves closer to dorsal aspect of forearm.
72
Wrist ulnar deviation GOM
seated with forearm pronated and palm of hand resting flat on table surface. Third finger lines up with center of forearm. Axis is on dorsal of wrist at base of third metacarpal. Stationary bar positioned in center of forearm, and moveable bar is parallel to third metacarpal. Hand is lately extended in a horizontal plane movement.
73
Wrist radial deviation
Same for ulnar deviation. Hand is medially extended in a horizontal plane movement.
74
MP flexion GOM
seated with forearm in midposition, wrist at 0 degrees neutral, and forearm and hand supported on a firm surface on ulnar border. Axis is centered on top of middle of MP joint. Stationary bar is on top of metacarpal and moveable bar is on top of proximal phalanx. Fingers distal of MP joint is flexed down in sagittal plane.
75
MP Hyperextension
seated with forearm in mid position, wrist at 0 degrees neutral and forearm and hand supported on a firm surface on ulnar border. Axis is over lateral aspect of MP joint and index finger. Stationary bar is parallel to metacarpal and moveable bar is parallel to proximal phalanx. Mp joint of fifth finger may be measured similarly. ROM of third and fourth finger. distal of MP joint is extended up in a sagittal plane movement.
76
PIP flexion GOM
seated with forearm in mid position, wrist at 0 degrees neutral, and forearm and hand supported on a firm surface on ulnar border. Axis is centered on dorsal surface of PIP joint being measured. Stationary bar is placed over proximal phalanx and moveable bar is over middle phalanx. Fingers distal to PIP joint is flexed down in a sagittal plane movement.
77
DIP flexion
Seated with forearm in mid position, wrist at 0 degrees neutral, and forearm and hand supported on a firm surface on ulnar border. Axis is on dorsal surface of DIP joint. Stationary bar is over middle phalanx, and moveable bar is over distal phalanx. Fingers distal of DIP joint is flexed down in sagittal plane movement.
78
Thumb MP flexion
seated with forearm in 45 degrees of supination, wrist at 0 degrees neutral, and forearm and hand supported on a firm surface. Axis is on a dorsal surface of MP joint. Stationary bar is over thumb metacarpal, and moveable bar is over proximal phalanx. Thumb distal of MP joint is flexed down.
79
Thumb IP flexion
axis is on dorsal surface of IP joint. Stationary bar is over proximal phalanx, and moveable bar is over distal phalanx. Thumb distal of IP joint is flexed down.
80
Knee Extension GOM
0 to 150 degrees. fulcrum: lateral epicondyle of femur. Stationary arm: greater trochanter of femur. moving arm: lateral epicondyle malleolus of femur.
81
Stand Pivot Transfer Conditions
Generalized weakness, CVA with right side weakness, total hip replacement, total knee replacement, fractured humerus,
82
Lateral Pivot Transfer condition
closed head injury with impulsivity,
83
Sliding board transfer
SCI, B AKA
84
MMT for ankle eversion
Patient is positioned in side lying. Assess the patient's ROM. Palpate the muscles. Then apply resistance to the lateral border and plantar parts of the foot into inversion. Gravity eliminated patient is in supine and hand placement is the same.
85
Components of wheelchair back together
patient safety and staff safety and maintaining equipment integrity
86
Sliding board transfer
It is important to block the client's knees with the therapist's knees.
Instruct the patient to shift his/her weight when needed while the therapist supports the trunk.
87
Plantar flexion the moveable arm
parallel 5th metatarsal
88
5 principles of transferring
Pelvic Tilt, Trunk Alignment, Weight Shifting, Lower Extremity Positioning, Upper Extremity Positioning, Preparing Equipment and Patient for Transfer
89
When measuring AROM ankle for plantar flexion the fulcrum of the goniometer is aligned
lateral malleolus
90
You are an OTA who is working in a rehab facility, write 3 points of education for your client education who has a power wheelchair prior to being discharged home.
Make sure wheelchair fits in doorways and always use seat belt, follow manufactures directions, try not to go on busy streets and keep arms feet and legs inside in proper alignment positioning to keep chair steady.If you want to get on a sidewalk, look for curb cuts or a driveway to do so. Never try to maneuver over a curb unless your chair is specifically designed to scale curbs and steps.
91
When lowering a baking dish from an overhead cabinet with two hands, the triceps are demonstrating a
eccentric contraction
92
The study of the mechanical laws and the applications to the human body.
Biomechanics
93
________________ is affected by the center of gravity’s projection.
Balance
94
A lower center of gravity provides bodies with more _________________.
Stability
95
The study of muscular activity and anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of the movement of body parts.
Kinesiology
96
The center of gravity of a uniform object is located ...
Center of an object
97
An extension movement against resistance (as in pushing someone away) requires
concentric contraction of the extensors
98
The difference between weight and mass is that
weight is mass affected by gravities pull
99
Sagittal plane movements of the wrist occur around
side to side axis
100
Rate of acceleration will remain constant despite the size of the object’s mass.
true
101
How would reaching upward into a cabinet affect the center of gravity of the reaching forearm?
The forearm’s center of gravity would move upward with the forearm
102
Compare an individual in a the standing position center of gravity and a individual's center of gravity seated in a wheelchair.
The person eated in a wheelchair lies forward and slightly higher than that of a person standing because of the forward and upward placement of the lower extremities in relation to the trunk due to hip and knee flexion while sitting.
103
Name 4 out 6 movement patterns that the scapula performs without daily activities.
Elevation, Abduction, Depression, Adduction
104
When initially lifting the laundry basket from the floor, the biceps are demonstrating a/an
concentric contraction
105
he location of the center of gravity of a person is affected by ....
the position of the body and position of the various segments.
106
Identify the type of joint that the sutures of pubic symphysis represents.
Cartilaginous,
Amphiarthrosis
107
Freely moving joints that include shoulder, hip, humeroulnar are functionally classified as
Diarthrosis
108
Identify the type of joint that the sutures of infant skull represents.
Cartilaginous,
Amphiarthrosis
109
ROM Hip flexion
0 to 120
110
ROM hip extension
0 to 30
111
ROM hip Abduction
0 to 40
112
ROM hip adduction
0 to 35
113
ROM hip internal rotation
0 to 45
114
ROM hip external rotation
0 to 45
115
ROM knee flexion
0 to 135
116
Ankle and Foot ROM plantar flexion
0 to 50
117
Dorsiflexion ROM
0 to 15
118
Inversion ROM
0 to 35
119
Eversion ROM
0 to 20
120
Thoracic and lumbar spine flexion ROM
0 to 80
121
Thoracic and lumbar spine extension
0 to 30
122
Thoracic and lumbar spine lateral flexion
0 to 40
123
Thoracic and lumbar spine rotation
0 to 45 degrees
