Movement of fluid Flashcards
Comparison of extracellular and intracellular fluids
Each fluid compartment has a distinctive pattern of ()
electrolytes
(): electrolyte contents mostly all similar
Major cation: sodium (Na+)
Major anion:
Plasma (diffused from blood): ↑ (), ↓ Cl–
ECF
chloride (Cl–)
protein
(): contains more soluble proteins than plasma
Low (/)
Major cation: ()
Major anion:(/)(HPO42–)
ICF
Na+ and Cl–
potassium (K+)
Hydrogen Phosphate
Regulated by () and () pressures
Water moves freely along () gradients
Toward the area of greater solute concentration
Osmotic,hydrostatic
osmotic
Change in solute concentration of any compartment leads to net water flow
↑(/)→ water leaves cell into Interstitial Fluid (IF)
i.e. Increase extracellular sodium ()
↓ (/) → water enters cell from Interstitial Fluid (IF)
i.e. Decrease extracellular sodium ()
ECF osmolarity
hypernatremia
ECF osmolarity
hyponatremia
Water intake must equal water output:
~() ml/day
Water intake: mostly ingested
Some from metabolism ((/) (ETC)
Water output:
Urine ({}%),
Insensible water loss (lost through () and ())
Perspiration (sensible)
()
2500
Krebs & electron transport chain
60
skin
lungs
Feces
()
ECF water loss due to hemorrhage, severe burns, (/) or (), profuse sweating, water deprivation, diuretic abuse, endocrine disturbances (lack of ADH; diabetes incipidus)
Signs and symptoms: “cottony” oral mucosa, thirst, dry flushed skin, ()
() = “reduced or low urine output”
May lead to weight loss, fever, mental confusion, (/), and loss of electrolytes
Dehydration
prolonged vomiting
diarrhea
oliguria
hypovolemic shock
()
Atypical accumulation of interstitial fluid, resulting in tissue swelling (not cell swelling)
Can impair tissue function by increasing distance for diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from blood into cells
Could be caused by increased fluid flow out of blood (hydrostatic) or decreased return of fluid (osmotic) to blood
Edema
