Acid/base abnormalities:

Question 1

Acid/base abnormalities:
All imbalances are classed as either respiratory or metabolic

() acidosis and alkalosis
Caused by failure of respiratory system to perform pH-balancing role
Single most important indicator is blood ()

() acidosis and alkalosis
All abnormalities other than those caused by PCO2 levels in blood
Indicated by abnormal ()– levels

Answer 1

Respiratory
PCO2
Metabolic
HCO3

Question 1

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() Acidosis and Alkalosis

Most important indicator of respiratory function is () level
Normal: (/)mm Hg

PCO2 > 45 mm Hg: respiratory ()
Common cause of acid-base imbalances
Due to decrease in ventilation or gas exchange
-(), (), cystic fibrosis
CO2 accumulates in blood; blood pH drops

PCO2 < 35 mm Hg: respiratory ()
Common result of (), often due to stress or pain
CO2 is eliminated faster than produced

Answer 1

Respiratory
PCO2
35–45
acidosis
Emphysema,pneumonia
alkalosis,hyperventilation

Question 2

() Acidosis and Alkalosis

Most important indicator of metabolic function is ()-
Normal HCO3-: (/) mmol/L
HCO3- < 22 mmol/L: Metabolic ()
() from diabetes or renal failure
Excessive alcohol consumption
() acid accumulation
Diarrhea & HCO3- loss

HCO3- > 26 mmol/L: Metabolic ()
Less common
Excessive ()
Excessive antacid use

Answer 2

Metabolic
HCO3
22-26
acidosis
Ketoacidosis, Lactic

alkalosis,vomiting

Question 3

Effects of Acidosis and Alkalosis
Blood pH below () causes CNS ()
May lead to coma and death

Blood pH above () causes () of nervous system
Leading to muscle (), extreme nervousness, convulsions, and death, often from respiratory arrest

Answer 3

6.8
depression
7.8
overexcitation
tetany

Question 4

Ph compensation mechanisms:
If acid-base imbalance is due to malfunction of one physiological buffer system, the () system tries to compensate

() system attempts to correct () acid-base imbalances
Increase respiration in ()
Decrease respiration in ()

() attempt to correct () acid-base imbalances
Increase bicarbonate ()/acid secretion in ()
Decrease bicarbonate absorption/acid secretion in ()

Answer 4

other
Respiratory,metabolic
acidosis
alkalosis
Kidneys
respiratory
reabsorption
acidosis
alkalosis

Question 5

Partial vs full compensation
() Compensated:
Values will be high/low and pH will still be high/low

() Compensated:
Values will be high/low and pH will be ()

Answer 5

Partially
Fully
neutral

Question 6