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Movement > Movement- Exam 1 > Flashcards

Movement- Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

(T/F) movement is a major component that supports our learning and growing as occupational beings.

A

True. We grow as occupational beings through interaction with our environment. It directs us to the occupations we choose

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1
Q

(T/F) learning takes place on a “body level” as well as a “cognitive” level. It’s process can be largely unconscious.

A

True

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2
Q

Motor development

A

Changes in abilities that occur throughout the lifespan

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3
Q

Motor development measured in

A

Years

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4
Q

Motor control

A

Moment to moment changes that you make in movement

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5
Q

Motor learning

A

Refining and improving movement resulting from experience and practice that can be generalized in new tasks and situations

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6
Q

A common connector between motor development, learning, and control is…

A

The nervous system

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7
Q

Early theories of motor control

A

Mirrored the development of the nervous system

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8
Q

Early theories of motor learning

A

Change in brain physiology = change in movement

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9
Q

Theories of motor control

A 
Reflex
Hierarchical
Feedback
Programming
Systems
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10
Q

Reflex theory of motor control

A
  • Movement is the summation of sensory input to the CNS and the CNS controls the execution of movement based on the sensory feedback it receives
  • reflex chaining is a basis for action
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11
Q

Problems with reflex theory of motor control

A

How does movement occur in the absence of stimuli?

How does movement change in response to the same stimulus?

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12
Q

Hierarchical model of motor control

A

There is a hierarchy of control in the nervous system

  • spinal cord = fast reflexes
  • brain stem = postural reflexes
  • mid brain = righting
  • cortex = volitional and equilibrium
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13
Q

Problems with feedback model

A

Does not explain novel movements or how we perform without any feedback

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14
Q

Feedback model of motor control

A

Feedback is the sensory and perceptual info received as a result of movement (during and after)

  • provides a way of understanding self control
  • provides a way for learning new skills
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15
Q

Problems with feedback model of motor control

A

Does not explain anticipatory movement

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16
Q

Programming theory of motor control

A
  • movement as a result of reflex, sensory input, or higher level function
  • schemas are built as movement is paired with sensory (sensorimotor and limbic systems)
  • used for making motor maps/schemas
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17
Q

System model of motor control

A

Development is a result of interaction between all parts of the system- the person, task, and environment
-4 assumptions

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18
Q

4 assumptions of systems theory of motor control

A
  1. Every action requires cooperation of numerous systems
    - sensory
    - perceptual
    - cardiovascular
    - pulmonary
  2. Systems are self-organizing (4 principles)
  3. Component structures and skill processes develop in an asynchronous, nonlinear manner
  4. Shifts from moving one way to another are discontinuous
19
Q

4 principles of self organization (systems theory of motor control)

A
  1. Self organizing permits true novelty
  2. Self organizing systems become more complex
  3. Reorganization comes after or during a period of instability
  4. Self organization systems are both sensitive to change and inherently stable
20
Q

Theories of motor development

A

Hierarchical-maturational
Cognitive-perceptual
Systems
Interactionism

21
Q

Hierarchical-maturational theory of motor development

A

Motor development comes from corticalization of the CNS

  • reciprocal interweaving
  • higher levels of control over lower level reflexes
22
Q

Cognitive-perceptual (ecological) model of motor development

A

Sensation and active exploration of environment

-sensation as feedback

23
Q

Systems theory of motor development

A

Everything is happening at once in an interdependent way

24
Q

Non- maturational model of motor development

A

Interaction of many factors changing over time
-interaction of developmental patterns of each area of development (strength, balance, growth, neuro) lead to changes in developmental abilities

25
Q

Astasia

A

Stepping reflex when infants truck flexed forward

26
Q

Abrasia

A

Baby standing when put on soles of feet

27
Q

Interactionism theory of motor development

A

Interaction with environment

28
Q

Theories of motor learning

A

Reflex hierarchical
Motor program
Systems

29
Q

Reflex hierarchical theory of motor learning

A

Movement generated from within

30
Q

Motor program theory of motor learning

A

Neural representations stored as a unit

31
Q

Systems theory of motor learning

A 
Many pieces of involvement
3 phases
-cognitive (requires more thought)
-associative (still requires thought, but able to associate)
-autonomous (fluid)
32
Q

Base of support consists of

A

Center of mass

Center of gravity

33
Q

Stability limits

A

Where you can stand without losing balance

34
Q

Postural stability

A

Ability to keep posture upright and functional

35
Q

Where (anatomically) does most development start?

A

4th cervical vertebrae

36
Q

Postural patterns order of development

A

1 weight bearing
2 bilateral weight bearing and shifting (top and bottom)
3 unilateral weight bearing and shifting (left and right sides)
4 contralateral weight bearing and shifting (arm/leg movement when walking)

37
Q

Input

A

Sensory info

  • auditory
  • gustatory
  • tactile
  • olfactory
  • visual
  • proprioception
  • vestibular
38
Q

Somatosensory system

A

Tactile (sympathetic/parasympathetic)

Proprioception

39
Q

Throughput

A

Nervous system

  • keeps body ready to engage and move
  • communicate with bones and muscles
40
Q

Output

A

Movement donee by musculoskeletal system

41
Q

Feedback

A

Supported by senses (input) and cycle starts over

42
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Low threshold

43
Q

Hyposensitivity

A

High threshold

44
Q

Regulation

A

Maintaining a level of arousal in the nervous system so it can functionally process input

45
Q

Proximal stability

A

Ability to stabilize in antigravity positions with simultaneous functional mobility

Movement (6 decks)

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