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Movement > Learning > Flashcards

Learning Flashcards

1
Q

training

A

person is provided with solutions to problems

  • short term
  • “water to ice”
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2
Q

learning

A

person is encouraged to find own solution

-“hard boiling an egg”

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3
Q

how is motor learning stored

A

sensory information in association with motor activity

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4
Q

types of learning

A

nonassociative

associative

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5
Q

nonassociative learning

A

single stimulus given repeatedly

  • habituation
  • sensitization
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6
Q

habituation

A

decrease in behavior

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7
Q

sensitization

A

increased responsiveness

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8
Q

associative learning

A

pairing of stimuli

ideas are associated to help the learner perceive and then establish casual relationships in the context

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9
Q

methods of associative learning

A

implicit/procedural

explicit/declarative

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10
Q

implicit/procedural learning

A

happens automatically without any conscious thought
happens over time and with practice
you can do it but can’t explain how you are doing it
“cerebellar circuits”

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11
Q

explicit/declarative learning

A

conscious process
results in knowledge that can be expressed consciously
can attend to more than one thing
temoral and hippocampal areas

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12
Q

Fitts and Posner’s stages of motor learning

A

cognitive phase
associative phase
autonomous phase

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13
Q

cognitive phase of motor learning

A

high degree of consciousness required
searching for best strategy
high degree of attention to regulatory conditions and degree of movement and motor control
-trial & error

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14
Q

associative phase of motor learning

A

learner has picked best strategy and is beginning to refine it
uses feedback to make refinements
switches from what to do to how to do

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15
Q

autonomous phase of motor learning

A

automatic learning

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16
Q

discrete motor tasks

A

clear beginning and end points

-put a glass on a shelf

17
Q

serial motor tasks

A

sum of parts equals whole

-put a shirt on

18
Q

continuous motor tasks

A

arbitrary beginning and end points

-running

19
Q

acquisition

A

initial practice of performance

20
Q

retention

A

being able to perform skill after it has not been practiced for some time

21
Q

transfer

A

performing a skill similar in movement to the first skill, but different than the original task

22
Q

consistency

A

repeatability of performance

23
Q

flexibility

A

transferability

24
Q

efficiency

A

optimal moement in relation to cardiovascular and muscle efficiency

25
Q

types of intervention at cognitive phase of learning

A 
demonstration
verbal instructions
manual guidance and facilitation
closed environment
structured practice
mental practice
26
Q

types of intervention at associative phase

A 
decreased extrinsic feedback
intervene only when errors become consistent
no manual guidance
demonstration still helpful
gradually make environment more open
27
Q

types of intervention at autonomous phase

A

encourage practice until spatial and temporal components highly organized, consistent, and refined
practice in variety of environments
problem solve

28
Q

Gentile’s 1st stage of motor learning

A

develop understanding of task
trial and error
develops framework for organizing effective movement

29
Q

Gentile’s 2nd stage of motor learning

A

improve and refine movement skill
develop capacity to adapt the movement in different environment
consistency of performance
efficient performance

30
Q

whole practice

A

rapid skills of short duration
decreased cognitive processing
pre-requisite skills have been learned

31
Q

part practice

A

slower, longer, serial tasks

be careful-can interfere with learning

32
Q

constant practice

A

practice task repeatedly

33
Q

variable

A

practice several variations of same/similar task

superior long term effects

34
Q

massed practice

A

lots of practice with little rest

35
Q

distributive practice

A

equal practice/rest times

Movement (6 decks)

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