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Neuro Week 4 > Movement Disorders > Flashcards

Movement Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what artery mainly supplies the Basal ganglia?

A

MCA

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2
Q

what part of the basal ganglia is adjacent to the lateral ventricleS?

A

caudate nucleus

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3
Q

what is adjacent to the caudate nucleus on lateral side?

A

internal capsule

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4
Q

what is lateral to the internal capsule?

A

globus pallidus

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5
Q

what is lateral to the globus pallidus that is part of the basal ganglia

A

putamen

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6
Q

D1 is of the direct pathway in the BG and leads to excitatory or inhibitory synapses?

A

excitatory dopamine synapses

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7
Q

D2 is of the indirect pathway and leads to excitatory or inhibitory synapses in the BG?

A

inhibits the indirect pathway to increase movement

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8
Q

what portion of the BG forms dopamine?

A

pars compacta of the substantia nigra

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9
Q

in addition to GABA and dopamine, what other Nt is involved in the striatum of the BG?

A

cholinergic neurons

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10
Q

what is the effect of the chilinergic neurons in the BG?

A

opposite of dopamine…excite indirect pathway and inhibit direct pathway…limit movement

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11
Q

what are the two types of hypokinesia to know?

A

bradykinesia and rigidity

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12
Q

what is bradykinesia?

A

slow movement

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13
Q

what is akinesia?

A

no movement at all

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14
Q

what is rigidity?

A

stiffness and resistance to movement

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15
Q

what is the type of rigidity seen in parkinsons?

A

cogwheel rigidity

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16
Q

what is parkinsons disease an issue with?

A

substantia nigra destroyed

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17
Q

what does substantia nigra destruction lead to?

A

more inhibition of the thalamus and movement than excitation

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18
Q

what are the four motor features of parkinsons?

A

tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia
postural instability

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19
Q

what are the non motor symptoms of parkinsons?

A

depression
dementia
constipation
orthostatic hypotension

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20
Q

what accumulates in parkinsons and where does it accumulate?

A

alpha synuclein accumulates in neuronal cell bodies

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21
Q

how does alpha synuclein appear in neuronal cell bodies in parkinsons?

A

round lamellated eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions

22
Q

what are the round lamellated eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions called in parkinsons?

A

Lewy bodies

23
Q

what is chorea?

A

irregular random semi directed smooth movements

24
Q

what is athetosis?

A

continuous writhing movements

25
Q

what is ballismus?

A

sudden vigorous forceful movements involving a whole limb

26
Q

what is dystonia?

A

sustained contraction of opposing muscle groups causing abnormal posture and twisting

27
Q

what is myoclonus?

A

sudden brief shock like movements

28
Q

what are the three types of tremors?

A

cerebellar
physiologic
essential

29
Q

when does cerebellar tremor occur/

A

at end of purposeful moevemtns

30
Q

what is an essential tremor?

A

postural and intention tremor

31
Q

where does essential tremor occur usually?

A

arms and head

32
Q

what is rx for essential tremo?

A

beta blockers and mysoline

33
Q

what relieves essential tremor?

A

booze

34
Q

when does parkinsons tremor occur?

A

at rest

35
Q

are essential tremors symmetric?

A

yes

36
Q

are parkinsons tremors symmetric?

A

no

37
Q

what is rx for dystonia?

A

botulinum toxin

38
Q

what is chorea a common feature of?

A

huntingtons

39
Q

what drugs can cause chorea?

A

antipsychotics…tardive dyskinesia

40
Q

what is an infection that leads to chorea?

A

streptococcal infection

41
Q

name systemic disease that can have chorea?

A

lupus `

42
Q

what stage in life can lead to chorea?

A

pregnancy…chorea gravidarum

43
Q

what is inheritance of huntingtons

A

AD

44
Q

what is genetic change in huntingtons

A

CAG trinucleotide expansion

45
Q

what is affected in the brain in huntingtons ?

A

atrophy of caudate nucleus

46
Q

with atrophy of caudate in huntingtons what else happens?

A

dilation of lateral ventricles

47
Q

when does huntingtons onset?

A

4th-5th decade of life

48
Q

tics are often part of what triad?

A

tics, OCD ADHD

49
Q

tourettes has what in diagnosis?

A

multiple motor tics and one vocal tic

50
Q

where is lesion in hemiballismus?

A

subthalamic nuclei

51
Q

what is cause of lesion in subthalamic nuclei that leads to hemiballismus?

A

vascular

Neuro Week 4 (8 decks)

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