Headaches Flashcards
what eye disorder has headache as symptom?
glaucoma
what is character of pain in migraine?
severe/pulsating throbbing pain
where is pain migraine?
unilateral. rotates sides
how long are migraines?
couple hours
what are assoc symptoms with migraines?
nausea/vomiting and photophobia/phonphobia
what are four stages of migraine?
prodrome
aura
headache
postdrome
what is the prodrome of migraines?
yawning, euphoria, depression, irritability, food craving
what is a migraine aura?
scintillations or vision loss that precedes migraine headache
what are scintillations?
bright light flashes during aura of migraine
is migraine disorder genetic?
highly genetic
what is the NT in migraines?
serotonin
what is the target for many therapies in migraines?
calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)
what happens to vessels in migraine?
vasodilation
what is most common type of headache?
tension
where is pain with tension headache?
diffuse pain
what is rx for tension headache?
NSAIDs
what are cluster headaches?
headaches that occur in clusters…every day at same time for period of time
what is character of pain in cluster headache? where/
unilateral severe pain
in tiny doses this induces cluster headaches?
alcohol
what are cluster headaches associated with?
unilateral ptosis
anisocoria
eye watering
rhinorrhea
are cluster headaches relieved with rest?
NO
what is mainstay of Rx for cluster headaches
oxygen 100%
what is migraine med used in cluster headaches?
triptans (sumitriptan)
name three prophylactic drugs for cluster headaches
verapamil
lithium
galcanezumab
what is paroxysmal hemicrania?
brief severe pain on side of head
name three major underlying issues that a headache can be symptom of
carotid/vertebral dissection
SAH
intracranial hypotension
in addition to headache, what else presents with carotid dissection?
horners syndrome
why does horners present with carotid dissection?
because the second nerve in the tract runs along the carotid artery
what are the two vessels that can have dissection and lead to headache?
carotid and vertebral
what is trigeminal neuralgia?
excruciating unilateral pain in distribution of the trigeminal nerve
what portions of the trigeminal usually cause issue in trigeminal neuralgia?
V2 and V3
what are three symptoms of temporal arteritis?
headache
jaw claudication
blindness
what exacerbates trigeminal neuralgia?
sensory stimuli to face like shaving, brushing teeth
what is cause of trigeminal neuralgia?
blood vessel pressing on the nerve
what other neuro disorder can have trigeminal neuralgia?
MS
what is first line Rx for trigeminal neuralgia?
carbamazapine
what are classic SEs of carbamazapine?
nausea, diplopia, ataxia
what are severe SEs of carbamazepine?
hyponatremia
liver fxn issues
what are the symptoms of intracranial hypertension?
headache
blind spot enlargement
tinnitus
what are exam findings in intracranial hypertension?
papilledeme
blind spot enlargement
what is LP finding in intracranial hypertension?
raised opening pressure
what is Rx for intracranial hypertension?
acetazolamide
what is usual cause of intracranial hypotension
low CSF pressure
name two causes of low CSF pressure
post spinal tap
CSF leak due to cyst or tear
what is unique about headache pain in intracranial hypotension?
it is positional
is headache pain in intracranial hypotension worse when standing or lying down?
worse when standing and sitting, better when lyig down
what severe headache cause is a CT with contract good at spotting?
dissections
what severe headache cause is a CT without contract good at spotting?
blood…SAH
