Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medpsych: Test 4 > Movement Disorders > Flashcards

Movement Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Movement disorder?

A

impairs the regulation of voluntary motor activity without directly affecting strength, sensation or cerebellar function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the major Hypokinetic Movement Disorder?

A

Parkinson’s Disease (major disorder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are examples of Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders?

A

Huntington’s Disease
Wilson’s Disease
Tourette’s Syndrome
Restless Leg Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is parkinsons disease?

A

synydrome with combo of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and characteristic disturbance of gait and posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the average onset of parkinsons?

A

mid-late life; mean age is 57 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who does parkinsons affect?

A

Affects all ethnicities
has equal M/F distribution
occurs 1 per 100 people that are over 65 yrs
4th most common disease in the elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are symptoms of parkinsons caused by?

A

Decreased movment due to lack of DA in substantia nigra projecting to striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the pathophysiology of parkinsons?

A
  1. Loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra
  2. Poor regulation of Striatum output
  3. Decrease in thalamic excitation of motor cortex
  4. Decreased excitation of corticospinal tracts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 4 hallmark signs of parkinsons?

A

Resting Tremor (aka Pill-Rolling)
Rigidity (Lead-Pipe or Cogwheel)
Bradykinesia: slow starting/initiate movement
Festinating: Flexed Posture with shuffling gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can you look for differential diagnosis?

A

must look for tremor disease that arent parkinson’s

Involuntary tremor vs. Intentional tremor
Depression
Wilson’s Disease
Huntington’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is huntingtons disease?

A

genetic neurodegenerative disorder which predominately has behavioral, cognitive, or movement disorders signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the 1st sign of huntingtons disease?

A

change in personality (impulsive, irritable, irrational)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who does huntingtons disease affect?

A

50% chance to pass on the disorder
Paternal Descent
30-40 y/o diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the pathophysiology of huntingtons disease?

A

Mutation on chromosome 4 increasing glutamine production

Over-expression of gene: i.e. excess glutamine, excitotoxicity

Atrophy & neuronal degeneration of cortex causing uncontrolled movements, loss of intellect, and emotional disturbance*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a hallmark of huntingtons disease?

A

caudate atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of physical findings are there for adult onset of huntingtons?

A

Prominent chorea
Bradykinesia
Postural reflex compromise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the physical findings for terminal huntingtons pts?

A

Lack of motor coordination of mouthc. Dysarthria, dysphagia, & respiratory difficulties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are general mental findings of huntingtons?

A

Cognitive impairment
Depression
Psychiatric disorders

19
Q

what causes wilsons disease?

A

Autosomal recessive trait

excessive copper that somenoes body cant break down

20
Q

what is the pathophysiology of wilsons disease?

A

Abnormal copper metabolism
Deposition of copper in tissues
Txable and reversible and repressive

21
Q

what are signs and symptoms of wilsons disease?

A 
Tremors
Dystonia gait: loose
Depression
Difficulty speaking, swallowing
Easy bruising
Fatigue
Joint pain
Loss of appetite, Nausea
Skin rash
Swelling of arms and legs
jaundice
22
Q

what is Tourette Syndrome?

A

Dxed when childhood onset tics are multifocal (many tics), motor or vocal, lasting longer than 1 yr and naturally wax and wane

23
Q

what part of the brain is involved in tourette syndrome?

A

caudate Nuc
Excessive projections to caudate
Studies show caudate atrophy, enlarged lateral ventricles

24
Q

what is the incidence of tourette syndrome?

A

Onset: 2-21 y/o

Male predilection

25
Q

what are simple tics?

A

Motor: blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging
Vocal: throat clearing, grunting, snorting, barking

26
Q

what are complex tics?

A

Motor: hopping, skipping, Echopraxia
Vocal: Coprolalia, Echolalia, Palilalia

27
Q

what is Echopraxia?

A

mimicking of movements

28
Q

what is Coprolalia?

A

explosive utterance of foul words

29
Q

what is Echolalia?

A

mimicking of someone elses words

30
Q

what is Palilalia?

A

repetition of syllables, words, or phrases of one own’s words

31
Q

what is restless leg syndrome diagnostic criteria?

A

Desire to move limbs which is associated with unpleasant sensations
Restlessness
Worsening of symptoms @ rest w/ temporary relief w/ movement
Worsening of symptoms @ night

32
Q

what are common sxs of of restless leg syndrome?

A 
Need to move
Crawling
Tingling
Itching
Restless
33
Q

what is Sydenham’s chorea?

A

Excessive movement
Mainly children / adolescents
Complication of previous group A streptococcal infection
remits spontaneously

34
Q

what is myoclonus?

A

sudden, brief, shock-like involuntary movements

35
Q

what is positive vs negative myoclonus?

A

positive: caused by active muscle contraction
negative: caused by inhibition of ongoing muscle activity

36
Q

what is generalized vs focal myoclonus?

A

Generalised - widespread throughout body

Focal / segmental – restricted to particular part of body

37
Q

what is ballismus?

A

Violent “flinging” movement of entire limb
Almost always unilateral
Involves proximal musculature

38
Q

how does ballismus occur?

A

Usually due to a CVA in contralateral subthalamic nucleus

39
Q

what is chorea?

A

Rapid irregular muscle jerks
May affect limbs, head, face and tongue
usually distal movements (proximal movements called ballismus)

40
Q

how does chorea present itself?

A

Pts attempt to conceal involuntary movements by superimposing voluntary movements onto them

41
Q

what is Athetosis ?

A

Slow, flowing, often twisting movements
Occurs mainly distally (hands, fingers)
Can also affect face and tongue

42
Q

what is choreoathetosis?

A

combo of involuntary movement

overlap between syndromes

43
Q

what is dystonia?

A

patient assumes a sustained, abnormal posture or limb position Due to co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles

Medpsych: Test 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions