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Medpsych: Test 4 > CVA > Flashcards

CVA Flashcards

1
Q

what is the prevalence of stroke?

A

3rd most frequent cause of death

Leading cause of serious long-term disability

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2
Q

how are older people affected by stroke?

A

75% of strokes occur in people >65

>55 y/o risk of stroke doubles

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3
Q

what is the determining factor of how a stroke will affect you?

A

TIME

Greater time brain is starved from not getting oxygenated blood, the more damage

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4
Q

what are the risk factors for stroke?

A 
hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Atrial Fibrillation
Diabetes (2-4 x’s greater risk)
Tobacco Use (doubles risk)
Cholesterol levels
Alcohol
Genetic Risk
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5
Q

what is the most common stroke?

A

ischemic

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6
Q

what are types of ischemic stroke?

A

Global - Large-vessel (carotid, middle cerebral)
Can affect large parts of brain (hemispheres)

Focal – Small vessel (lacunar stroke)

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7
Q

what are the types of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Intracerebral
Subarachnoid
Subdural

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8
Q

what occurs during an ischemic stroke?

A

Infarct: Blood and oxygen supply blocked
Stenosis: narrowing of the artery due to plaque buildup
Embolism: Blood clots

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9
Q

what is an umbra vs penumbra?

A 
umbra = central infarct area
penumbra = ischemic tissue that may recover
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10
Q

how fast does infarction area die?

A

Umbra: where tissue start to die 1st (within 6 minutes)
Penumbra: can be viability if blood is perfused back to it fast enough (over 6 minutes)

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11
Q

how does hemorrhagic stroke occur?

A

Weak artery wall expands like a balloon (aneurysm)
The thin wall burst
Or, Artery wall becomes brittle and thin (crack and bleed)

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12
Q

what is intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

bleeding into the brain

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13
Q

what is Subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

bleeding under the meninges in subarachnoid space

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14
Q

what type of hemorrhagic stroke has best outcome?

A

Subarachnoid better than subdural bc more space for blood to pool in subdural space and symptoms take longer to appear

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15
Q

why does aging population have to be careful of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

atrophy of brain creating more space for brain to move in skull.

When elderly fall brain moves in intercerebral space and arteries are torn causing more risk to hemorrhagic stroke

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16
Q

what is a transient ischemic attack?

A

“mini-stroke” that results in no lasting damage

17
Q

how long does TIA last?

A

Typically last 10-15 minutes
(Piece of plaque moves on after short periods of time)
Symptoms clear up within 24 hours

18
Q

what is a TIA a risk factor for?

A

25% have an ischemic attack within 5 years

19
Q

how is TIA txed?

A

Medication is blood thinner (could be asprin)

20
Q

what are the effects of stroke?

A 
Physical
Sensory
Cognitive deficits
Aphasia
Emotions
21
Q

what are left hemisphere effects of stroke?

A 
Aphasia
Right Hemiparesis
Right sided sensory loss
Right visual field defect
Dysarthria
Difficulty reading, writing, or calculating
22
Q

what are right hemisphere effects of stroke?

A 
Left visual field defect
Left hemiparesis
Left-sided sensory loss
Left gaze
Dysarthria
Visuospatial defects
Anosognosia 
left-sided neglect
23
Q

what is Anosognosia?

A

lack of self-awareness

Not aware of their own deficits

24
Q

what is Intrapersonal vs. Extrapersonal neglect?

A 
intrapersonal = don’t take care of left side of body
extrapersonal = environmental neglect (pay attn to one side of visual field)
25
Q

how do you test neglect?

A

double simultaneous stimulation to both sides (tactile, auditory) during simultaneous, there is extinguishing of neglected side

26
Q

what are other side effects of stroke?

A

Fatigue
Emotional Lability
Planning Deficits
Dysphagia

27
Q

what do you tx psychologically with stroke patients?

A

Tx for depression, anxiety, frustration, & anger

Medpsych: Test 4 (8 decks)

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