Movement Analysis - Sit to Stand

Question 1

What are the components of sit to stand? (2)

Answer 1

1. Pre-extension phase
2. Extension phase

Question 2

What are the 2 basic components of the pre-extension phase?

Answer 2

1. Feet move back
2. Bodyweight moved forwards

Question 3

What 2 movements occur in the feet back phase & what muscles cause it?

Answer 3

1. Knee flexion - concentric hamstrings
2. Ankle DF - concentric tibialis anterior

Question 4

What 3 movements occur in the bodyweight forward phase & what muscles cause it?

Answer 4

1. Hip flexion - concentric iliopsoas and rectus femoris
2. Increased DF to bring knees forwards - concentric tibialis anterior
3. Trunk remains upright - isometric abdominals

Question 5

What 5 movements occur in the extension phase & what muscles cause it?

Answer 5

1. Coordinated hip and knee extension

• Hip extension - concentric gluteals
• Knee extension - concentric quadriceps

2. Ankle moves to plantargrade - concentric soleus
3. Trunk stabilised - isometric abdominals Lx spine extension - concentric erector spinae

Question 6

What are the 4 general observations in sit to stand?

Answer 6

1. Sitting position
2. Speed of movement (1-3s)
3. Symmetry of movement
4. UL support

Question 7

What to comment on for sitting position (3)?

Answer 7

1. Amount of hip, knee and ankle flexion
2. Size of BoS
3. Trunk and UL position

Question 8

What to comment on for speed of movement (2)?

Answer 8

1. Too fast = loss of balance or excessive muscle force
2. Too slow = don’t achieve enough momentum - increased muscle work or failure to complete

Question 9

What does a slumped posture indicate?

Answer 9

Posterior pelvic tilt and decreased Lx lordosis

Question 10

What does an upright posture indicate?

Answer 10

Anterior pelvic tilt and Lx lordosis

Question 11

What is a normal UL starting position?

Answer 11

• Protraction
• MR
• Adduction