Movement Analysis

Question 1

What are the following? And what symbol represents them?
A) Lever
B) Fulcrum
C) Effort
D) Load

Answer 1

A) Lever is a bone shown as a straight line.
B) Fulcrum is a pivot or joint which is shown as a triangle.
C) Effort is a force provided by muscles which is shown by an arrow.
D) Load is the weight of the body/object being moved which is shown as a square.

Question 2

What movement is happening in the first class lever?

Answer 2

Neck and Elbow Extension

Question 3

What movement is happening in the second class lever?

Answer 3

Plantar flexion at the ankle

Question 4

What movement is happening in the third class lever?

Answer 4

Elbow and Knee Flexion and Knee Extension

Question 5

How can we identify the lever system in a diagram?

Answer 5

Each lever system can be identified by the component in the middle. Remember the following rhyme:

FLE
123

Question 6

Draw a first class lever system.

Answer 6

Fulcrum always in the middle.

Question 7

Draw a second class lever system

Answer 7

Load always in the middle.

Question 8

Draw a third class lever system

Answer 8

Effort always in the middle.

Question 9

Identify a sport example for all three lever systems.

Answer 9

1st Class Lever:
Football Header
Javelin Throw
Basketball Set Shot

2nd Class Lever:
Calf raises

3rd Class Lever:
Bicep curl (upwards)
Squats

Question 10

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 10

Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ weight (resistance) arm.

Question 11

Identify the mechanical advantage for each lever and state why.

Answer 11

1st Class Lever: (High/Low)
Varys depending on the distance of the load/effort from the fulcrum.

2nd Class Lever (High Mechanical Advantage) Able to lift heavier loads due to the long effort arm.

3rd Class Lever (Low Mechanical Advantage) Provides speed and wide range movement due to long resistance arm

Question 12

Define the following and give a sporting example:
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation/Circumduction

Answer 12

Flexion- a decrease in joint angle​. E.g. Flexion at the knee when a player is preparing to kick a ball.

Extension- an increase at joint angle. E.g. Extension at the knee when following through after a kick.

Abduction- movement away from the midline of the body​. E.g. At the shoulder when reaching out sideways to intercept a netball pass.

Adduction- movement towards the midline body. ​E.g. At the hip in cross- over leg action when throwing a javelin.

Rotation/Circumduction- when the bone at a joint moves around its own axis making a circular movement. E.g. At the shoulder when swimming front crawl.

Question 13

What is plantar flexion and which joint does this happen?

Answer 13

The action of pointing toes away from the body.​
Ankle joint

Question 14

What is dorsi-flexion and which joint does this happen?

Answer 14

The action of pulling toes towards the body.
Ankle Joint

Question 15

Where is the ball and socket joint located?

What movement occurs at the ball and socket joint?

Answer 15

Shoulder and Hip
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction and Circumduction

Question 16

Where is the hinge joint located?

What movement occurs at the hinge joint?

Answer 16

Knee, Ankle and Elbow

Flexion and Extension

Question 17

Define the following:
- Plane
- Axis

Answer 17

Plane =Refers to how movements occurs at a joint along a certain direction.

Axis=Refers to how movement occurs around the joint.

Question 18

What phrase can you use to recall and match the planes with the correct axes?

Answer 18

Plane Axis

Some Times

Fun Starts

Too Late

Sagittal plane———- Transverse Axis

Frontal plane———— Sagittal axis

Transverse Plane ——- Longitudinal axis

Question 19

Define the following Planes:
- Sagittal Plane
- Frontal Plane
- Transverse Plane

Answer 19

Sagittal Plane: Divides the left and right side of the body vertically.
Frontal Plane: Divides the front and back of the body vertically.
Transverse Plane: Divides the top and bottom of the body horizontally.

Question 20

Define the following Axes:
- Transverse Axis
- Sagittal Axis
- Longitudinal Axis

Answer 20

• Transverse Axis: Goes from side to side
• Sagittal Axis: Goes from front to back.
• Longitudinal Axis: Goes from top to bottom.

Question 21

Give a sport example for the following:
1) Sagittal Plane & Transverse Axis
2) Frontal Plane & Sagittal Axis
3) Transverse Plane & Longitudinal Axis

Answer 21

1) Somersault, Forehand Tennis Serve or Running
2) Cartwheel
3) A figure skater performing a spin or a discus thrower.

Question 22

What movement can happen at the following:
1) Sagittal Plane & Transverse Axis
2) Frontal Plane & Sagittal Axis
3) Transverse Plane & Longitudinal Axis

Answer 22

1) Flexion and Extension
2) Adduction and Abduction
3) Rotation