Movement Analysis Flashcards
What are the following? And what symbol represents them?
A) Lever
B) Fulcrum
C) Effort
D) Load
A) Lever is a bone shown as a straight line.
B) Fulcrum is a pivot or joint which is shown as a triangle.
C) Effort is a force provided by muscles which is shown by an arrow.
D) Load is the weight of the body/object being moved which is shown as a square.
What movement is happening in the first class lever?
Neck and Elbow Extension
What movement is happening in the second class lever?
Plantar flexion at the ankle
What movement is happening in the third class lever?
Elbow and Knee Flexion and Knee Extension
How can we identify the lever system in a diagram?
Each lever system can be identified by the component in the middle. Remember the following rhyme:
FLE
123
Draw a first class lever system.
Fulcrum always in the middle.
Draw a second class lever system
Load always in the middle.
Draw a third class lever system
Effort always in the middle.
Identify a sport example for all three lever systems.
1st Class Lever:
Football Header
Javelin Throw
Basketball Set Shot
2nd Class Lever:
Calf raises
3rd Class Lever:
Bicep curl (upwards)
Squats
What is mechanical advantage?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ weight (resistance) arm.
Identify the mechanical advantage for each lever and state why.
1st Class Lever: (High/Low)
Varys depending on the distance of the load/effort from the fulcrum.
2nd Class Lever (High Mechanical Advantage) Able to lift heavier loads due to the long effort arm.
3rd Class Lever (Low Mechanical Advantage) Provides speed and wide range movement due to long resistance arm
Define the following and give a sporting example:
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation/Circumduction
Flexion- a decrease in joint angle. E.g. Flexion at the knee when a player is preparing to kick a ball.
Extension- an increase at joint angle. E.g. Extension at the knee when following through after a kick.
Abduction- movement away from the midline of the body. E.g. At the shoulder when reaching out sideways to intercept a netball pass.
Adduction- movement towards the midline body. E.g. At the hip in cross- over leg action when throwing a javelin.
Rotation/Circumduction- when the bone at a joint moves around its own axis making a circular movement. E.g. At the shoulder when swimming front crawl.
What is plantar flexion and which joint does this happen?
The action of pointing toes away from the body.
Ankle joint
What is dorsi-flexion and which joint does this happen?
The action of pulling toes towards the body.
Ankle Joint
Where is the ball and socket joint located?
What movement occurs at the ball and socket joint?
Shoulder and Hip
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction and Circumduction
Where is the hinge joint located?
What movement occurs at the hinge joint?
Knee, Ankle and Elbow
Flexion and Extension
Define the following:
- Plane
- Axis
Plane =Refers to how movements occurs at a joint along a certain direction.
Axis=Refers to how movement occurs around the joint.
What phrase can you use to recall and match the planes with the correct axes?
Plane Axis
Some Times
Fun Starts
Too Late
Sagittal plane———- Transverse Axis
Frontal plane———— Sagittal axis
Transverse Plane ——- Longitudinal axis
Define the following Planes:
- Sagittal Plane
- Frontal Plane
- Transverse Plane
Sagittal Plane: Divides the left and right side of the body vertically.
Frontal Plane: Divides the front and back of the body vertically.
Transverse Plane: Divides the top and bottom of the body horizontally.
Define the following Axes:
- Transverse Axis
- Sagittal Axis
- Longitudinal Axis
- Transverse Axis: Goes from side to side
- Sagittal Axis: Goes from front to back.
- Longitudinal Axis: Goes from top to bottom.
Give a sport example for the following:
1) Sagittal Plane & Transverse Axis
2) Frontal Plane & Sagittal Axis
3) Transverse Plane & Longitudinal Axis
1) Somersault, Forehand Tennis Serve or Running
2) Cartwheel
3) A figure skater performing a spin or a discus thrower.
What movement can happen at the following:
1) Sagittal Plane & Transverse Axis
2) Frontal Plane & Sagittal Axis
3) Transverse Plane & Longitudinal Axis
1) Flexion and Extension
2) Adduction and Abduction
3) Rotation
