Movement

Question 1

Penfield (1951)

Answer 1

Microstimulation of brain surface in awake patients allowed functional mapping, leading to homunculus.

Question 2

Fritz and Hitzig

Answer 2

Electrical stimulation of cortex produces movement on the other side of the body

Question 3

Jackson

Answer 3

Localisation of function in motor cortex due to progression of the Jacksonian march in epilepsy

Question 4

Georgopoulous (1993)

Answer 4

Question 5

Gallese (1996)

Answer 5

Microelectrode recording in the brains of macaques completing motor tasks. Mirror neurons active when individual executes motor task and when observe same motor act performed by another individual

Role in learning, imitation, empathy?

Question 6

Phineas Gage

Answer 6

Tamping rod to prefrontal cortex, conscientious to ‘always making the wrong decisions’

Question 7

Kravitz (2010)

Answer 7

ChR2 expression in indirect or direct pathway MSNs- indirect = parkinsons, direct = reduced freezing and increased locomotion.

Question 8

Marr -Albus -Ito theory

Answer 8

Purkinje cell firing modulated by parellel fibres and climbing fibres. Complex spike decreases PF inputs active up to 200ms earlier.

Inferior olive fires when difference detected between self-instruction and motor outcome of purposeful movement

Question 9

Gilbert and Thatch (1977)

Answer 9