Astrocytes and Glia Flashcards
Haj-Yasein (2011)
Mouse model with glia-specific deletion of Kir4.1 displays epilepsy, delaying K+ clearance. Human mutations in Kir4.1 also produce epilepsy.
Faulkner (2004)
Transgenic LOF study on newly proliferated scar astrocytes through GFAP HSV-TK construct. Revealed astrocytes repair BBB and restrict inflammation.
Sofroniew (2016)
Knockout mice incapable of forming glial scar subjected to SCI (weight drop). Found area of injury much increased without activity of astrocytes, greater infiltration of lymphocytes and other pro-inflammatory cells. Showed that exposure to hydrogel depots of GF, astrocytes KOs displayed less good regeneration than WT SCI samples.
Kraft (2013)
Transgenic mouse line with GFAP and VIM intermediate proteins required for astrocyte activation deleted, on model AD background (PSEN1/APP). Gene deletions increase amyloid plaque load
Liu (2017)
cKO of LRP1 in astrocytes on amyloid background revealed clear role of astrocytic LRP1 in Abeta clearance. ApoE also crucial LRP1 ligand- may compete with Abeta for cellular uptake into astrocytes.
Orre (2014)
Isolation of reactive astrocytes and microglia from mouse model of AD with enhanced expression of PSEN1 and APP. Showed pro-inflammatory phenotype with reduced levels of neuronal support genes.
Samad (2001)
Pain hypersensitivity in response to injury in rats was inhibited when IL1beta receptor antagonists injected into the CSF.
What is the toxin that kills glial cells?
Fluorocitrate toxin.
Charles (1991)
Cultured astrocytes display form of excitability based on variations in intracellular calcium concentration - shown through fluorescent calcium imaging.
Name 2 molecules released by astrocytes
glutamate and D-serine
Yang (2003)
LTP of hippocampal neurons grown onto layer of astrocytes but could not be produced among neurons cultured on glial conditioned medium. Supplement of D-serine could enable NMDAR activation and enable LTP.
