movement Flashcards
pivot
allows rotation as well as twisting movements back and forth (where the humerus meets the radius and ulna at the elbow)
ball and socket
lots of maneuverability; allows rotational movements, abduction/adduction, flexion/extension (shoulder and hip joint)
hinge
only moves in one direction (like a door hinge) (elbow and interphalangeal joints)
condylar
like a pedestal with a joint on top; allows movements like flexion/extension, as well as abduction/adduction (wrist)
saddle
allows opposition movements as well as flexion/extension, abduction/adduction (thumb joint)
gliding
when one flat bone surface glides or slips over another (back and forth or side to side) (intercarpal joints in wrist and ankle)
pronation
turn/twist backward
circumduction
moving limb in a circle (making circles with arms)
elevation and depression
lifting (then lowering) a body part superiorly (shrugging your shoulders, jaw-dropping)
abduction
moving away; moving a limb away from the median plane, along the frontal plane
supination
turn/twist forward
adduction
moving toward; opposite of abduction
ligaments
attaches bone to bone
tendons
attaches muscle to bone
contract
either to shorten or undergo an increase in tension
isotonic
causes a change in the length of muscles
synarthroses
non moving joints (skull)
diathroses
freely moving joints (knee)
amphiarthrosis
slightly moving joints (pubic bone)
fibrous joint
connect bones with the collagen fibers of dense connective tissue (mostly immovable)
cartilaginous joint
connect bones with cartilage (can be rigid but also slightly movable)
synovial joint
connect bone with dense connective tissues and a fluid-filled joint cavity (allows them to be freely movable) (all are diarthroses)
flexion
bending in a way that decreases the angle of the joint so the articulating bones get closer
extension
reverse of flexion
bones in the arm
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
isometric
no change in length
