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histo lab > mounting > Flashcards

mounting Flashcards

1
Q

✓ after staining, the section is mounted under a coverslip using a suitable
medium

A

mounting

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2
Q

✓ uses a syrupy fluid referred to as a mountant or mounting medium

A

mounting

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3
Q

purposes of mounting

A
  • protects the specimen from physical injury
  • protects the section from bleaching or deterioration due to oxidation
  • preserves slides for permanent keeping
  • facilitates easy handling and storage
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4
Q

sealing margins of the coverslip

A

ringing

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5
Q

uses Kronig cement

A

ringing

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6
Q

composition of Kronig cement

A

2 parts paraffin + 4-9 parts powdered colophonium resin

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7
Q

Characteristics of a Good Mounting Medium

A
  1. to avoid distortion of the image, the refractive index of the mountant should be as
    near as possible to that of the glass which is 1.518.
  2. it should not dry quickly.
  3. It should not dissolve out or fade tissue sections
  4. It should not cause shrinkage and distortion of tissues.
  5. It should set hard, thereby producing permanent mounting of sections.
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8
Q

types of mounting media

A
  1. Aqueous media
  2. Resinous media
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9
Q

types of aqueous media

A
  • H2O
  • glycerin
  • glycerin jelly
  • farrant’s medium
  • Apathy’s medium
  • Brun’s fluid
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10
Q

Has a low refractive index (1.33), moderately transparent and
evaporates easily

A

water

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11
Q

✓ Good for temporary mounting only
✓ Tissue slide cannot be examined under OIO

A

water

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12
Q

Has a high RI (1.46) and lasts for a few minutes

A

glycerin

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13
Q

Provides greater visibility when mixed with water

A

glycerin

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14
Q

composition of glycerin jelly

A

gelatin + glycerol + dist. Water + phenol crystals

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15
Q

Glycerin Jelly is Also known as _____ with a refractive index of 1.47

A

Kaiser’s 1880

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16
Q

Also known as Kaiser’s 1880 with a refractive index of 1.47

A

Glycerin Jelly

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17
Q

Standard mounting medium when dehydration and clearing using
xylene are not performed

A

glycerin jelly

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18
Q

disadvantages of glycerin jelly

A

X stain tend to fade
X does not set in the desired degree of hardness
X solidifies on storage

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19
Q

composition of farrant’s medium

A

(gum Arabic + dist. Water + glycerol + sodium merthiolate)

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20
Q

✓ Has a refractive index of 1.43
✓ Does not solidify on storage

A

farrant’s medium

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21
Q

disadvantage of farrant’s medium

A

takes a longer time to harden

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22
Q

composition of apathy’s medium

A

gum Arabic + cane sugar/sucrose + dist. H2O, thymol)

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23
Q

Has a higher refractive index of 1.52

A

apathy’s medium

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24
Q

✓ Used as a general purpose aqueous mountant and for methylene
blue-stained nerve preparations
✓ Sets quite hard

A

apathy’s medium

25
Q

Recommended for mounting frozen sections from water

A

Brun’s fluid

26
Q

Canada balsam si from a Natural resin extracted from the _____

A

Canadian tree

27
Q

Has a refractive index of 1.524

A

canada balsam

28
Q

✓ Recommended for whole mounts and thick sections
✓ Sets hard without granulation

A

canada balsam

29
Q

disadvantage of canada balsam

A

X acidifies and darkens with age and upon exposure to sunlight
X stains are not usually preserved

30
Q

decipher the word DPX

A

dibutyl phthalate polystyrene xylene

31
Q

neutral colorless solution that dries rapidly

32
Q

Has a refractive index of 1.532

33
Q

Recommended for small tissue sections

34
Q

Synthetic resin mixture in xylene with a refractive index of 1.52

35
Q

✓ Available in pale, yellow or colorless solutions
✓ Dries quickly without retraction and preserves stains well

36
Q

Has a refractive index of 1.544

37
Q

Usually diluted to 60% with xylene

38
Q

➢ Unique identification numbers or codes, patient name or other accessioning
information should be etched or written on each slide.

39
Q

➢ Automated instruments that imprint the patient’s information on the glass slide are
readily available
➢ Chemical resistant pens and pencils are routinely used to label the slide

40
Q

makes use of an automatic tissue processing machine that fixes,
dehydrates, clears and infiltrates tissue

A

automated tissue processing

41
Q

decreases time (approximately 16 hours) and labor needed during tissue
processing → more rapid diagnosis with less technicality

A

automated tissue procecssing

42
Q

T/F: In general, when there are 3 to 4 beakers containing the same solution, only the last
requires a fresh change. Remove the first beaker and discard the solution. Move the others up
in place, decanting the reagent from one to the other beaker to replace evaporated liquids
and make the last change a fresh one.

43
Q

tissues are placed inside a retort chamber

A

Vacuum tissue processor

44
Q

reagents and melted paraffin are moved sequentially into and out of the retort chamber using vacuum and pressure

A

vacuum tissue processor

45
Q

▪ each step is customized by adding time, temperature and/or vacuum/pressure
▪ employ alarm systems and diagnostic programs for trouble-shooting
instrumentation malfunction

A

vacuum tissue processor

46
Q

▪ Shortens processing time (hours → minutes)
▪ Diffusion of the solutions into the tissue is stimulated by increasing the specimen’s internal heat

A

Microwave Ovens

47
Q

reagents of microwave oven

A

ethanol, isopropanol or proprietary alcohol mixtures, and paraffin

48
Q

Enclosed processor that uses microwave technology, vacuum infiltration and “molecular-friendly” proprietary reagents

A

Continuous Input Rapid Tissue Processor

49
Q

in Continuous Input Rapid Tissue Processor, Tissue cassettes are moved through stations with the following reagents:

A
  1. Acetone
  2. Isopropanol
  3. Polyethylene glycol
  4. Mineral oil
  5. Paraffin
50
Q

Microwaves and agitation accelerate the diffusion of solvents in the tissue

A

Continuous Input Rapid Tissue Processor

51
Q

advantage of preparing frozen sections

A

▪ Rapid production of sections for intraoperative diagnosis
▪ Diagnostic and research enzyme and non-enzyme histochemistry
▪ Immunofluorescent and Immunohistochemistry methods
▪ Specialized silver stains in neuropathology

52
Q

disadvantage of preparing tissue sections

A

X no serial sections
X structural details tend to be distorted during cutting and handling
X staining is rarely as satisfactory
X freezing artifact may be produced by inappropriate technique

53
Q

✓ Required thickness of the tissue: 3 to 5 mm
✓ Freezing agent used: CO2

A

cold knife procedure

54
Q

temp of knife in cold knife procedure

A

-40 to -60 oC

55
Q

temp of tissue in cold knife procedure

A

-5 to -10 oC

56
Q

temp of environment in cold knife procedure

A

0 to -10 oC

57
Q

Thickness of sections produced: in cold knife procedure

A

10u (dew line)

58
Q

cryostat procedure components

A

▪ An anti-fogging air-circulating system
▪ A drain for defrosting and sterilizing
▪ A shelf-metal block carriers
▪ Rotary microtome mounted at a 45 o angle
▪ Knife, mostly 120 mm wedge knife equipped with antiroll
devices

histo lab (4 decks)

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