Motovation Flashcards
What does motivation refer to?
The overall desire to excel
What is the key to leadership success?
Motivating others to do their best
Explain Intrinsic v. Extrinsic rewards
Intrinsic reward is the good feeling you have when you have done a good job
Extrinsic reward is something given to you by someone else a recognition for good work and includes pay increases, praise, and promotions.
What is the FREDERICK TAYLOR approach and the three elements of his approach?
Increased productivity by studying the most efficient ways of doing things and then teachings works these methods I.e., scientific management
3 elements: time, methods, and rules of work
How does scientific management view people
As machines that needed to be properly programmed and had little concern for the physiological or human aspects of work.
What is the Hawthorne effect and what does it refer to?
The Hawthorne studies results encouraged researchers to study human motivation and the managerial styles that lead to more productivity.
It refers to the tendency for ppl to behave differently when they know they’re being studied
What did Maslow’s hierarchy of needs establish?
- Motivation arises from need
- One is motivated to satisfy unmet needs
- When one need is satisfied, another higher level need emerges to be satisfied
- A satisfied need is no longer a motivator
- lower level needs can pop up at any time and take attention away from higher level needs
What are Maslow’s 5 hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs: basic survival needs
Safety needs: need to feel secure at work and home
Social needs: need to feel loved, accepted, part of the group
Esteem needs: need for recognition and acknowledgment from others
Self actualization; need to develop to your fullest potential
What is Frederick Herzebergs two factor theory ?
It answers what ppl want from their jobs and responses differ greatly which lead to his two factor theory called motivation-hygiene theory
What were the most motivating factors of herzbergs theory
- Work itself
- Sense of achievement
- Earned recognition
- Responsibility
- Growth and advancement
What is Douglas McGregors X and Y theory?
He observed that managers attitudes generally fell into one of the row different sets of managerial assumptions X and Y theory
What is the X theory
Dislike work
Avoid responsibility
Little ambition
Forced controles directed and threatened
Motivated by fear and money
What is Y theory?
Like work, naturally works towards goals
Seeks responsibility
Imaginative, creative, clever
Motivated by empowerment
What is the goal setting theory ?
MBO - Management by Objectives
Based on the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers
What is management by objectives?
MBO is a system if goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle level managers, supervisors, and employees.
Explain how goals can increase performance when they are SMART
Specific
Measurable
Accompanied by feedback
Realistic
Time bound.
What is the cognitive evaluation theory?
The introduction off extrinsic rewards for work (pay) that was previously intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease overall motivation
What is self concordance?
Propels reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with there interest and core values.
What is the victor vroom: expectancy theory?
The amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectation of the outcome
5 steps on how to use the expectancy theory?
- Determine what rewards employees value
- Determine each employees desired performance standard
- Ensure that performance standards are attainable
- Guarantee rewards tied to performance
- Be certain that employees consider the rewards adequate.
Explain the reinforcement theory
Positive, negative, and punishers motivate a person to behave certain ways.
Explain the equity theory
Looks at how employees perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform.
Different types of job enrichment
Skill variety - the extent to which a. Job demands different skills
Task identity - the degree to which the job requires doing a task with a visible outcome from beginning to end
Task significance - the degree to which the job has a substantial impact of n the lives or work of others In a company
Autonomy - the degree of freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining procedures.
Feedback - the amount of direct and clear information that is received about job performance.
McClellands 3 theories of need
Need for achievement
Need for power
Need for affirmation
