Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Motor System and Disorders > Flashcards

Motor System and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Give two differentials for Parkinson’s.

A

Benign essential tremor

MSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between chorea and athetoid movements?

A

Chorea - irregular, jerky movements of low amplitude

Athetoid movement - slow continuous stream of writhing movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give two conditions that can arise due to loss of the indirect pathway.

A

Huntingdon’s chorea

Hemiballismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common cause of hemiballismus.

A

Posterior cerebral artery thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name 3 enzymes which degrade dopamine.

What is the ultimate breakdown product

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase
COMT
MAO

Homovallinic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What converts L-dopa to dopamine in peripheral tissues?

What percentage enters the CNS?

A

DOPA decarboxylase

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why should L-DOPA not be taken post meals?

A

Absorbed by active transport in competition with amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name two L-dopa and peripheral L-dopa decarboxylase inhibitor medications.

Give 3 advantages of giving dopa like this.

A

Co-careldopa
Co-benedopa

Reduced dose needed
Reduced side effects
Increased L-dopa reaching the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give some side effects of L-dopa.

Long term motor complication of L-dopa usage?

A

Nausea/anorexia
Hypotension
Psychosis
Tachycardia

Can lose the affect of the drug and enter an “off state” (freezing, dyskinesia, dystonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is multi-vitamin usage an issue when taking L-dopa?

HIgh dose MOA(b)I?

A

B6 (pyridoxine) increases peripheral breakdown of L-Dopa

Hypertensive crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are ergot derived dopamine receptor antagonists no longer used (Bromocryptine, cabergoline)?

A

Retroperitoneal and cardiac fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 4 dopamine receptor antagonists.

Which one of these is not first line and has uses when dysphagia and severe motor fluctuations are seen?

Give two disadvantages to their use

A

Ropinirole
Pramipexole
Rotigotine
Apomorphine

Apomorphine

Impulse control disorders (pathological gambling, punding, hypersexuality, compulsive shopping, describe to increase dosage)
Expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give some features of dopamine dysregualtion syndrome.

A 
Punding 
Hypersexuality 
Compulsive shopping 
Desire to increase dosage 
Pathological gambling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give some side effects of dopamine receptor agonists.

A 
Sedation 
Hallucinations
Confusion
Nausea
Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name two MOABI.

A

Selegiline

Rasagaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does COMT breakdown L-dopa to?

Name two COMTi.

Side effect of the one that crosses BBB.

A

3-O-Methyldopa
Competes with L-dopa for active transport into the CNS

Entacapone
Tolcapone

Liver toxicity

17
Q

Why are anticholinergics used to in PD

Name 3 used.

What symptoms do they have no effect on? What symptom do they work on?

A

ACh may have antagonist effects on dopamine.

Trihexyphenidydyl
Orphenadrine
Procyclidine

Bradykinseas and rigidity
Tremors

18
Q

Draw back of amantadine use?

A

Poorly effective (little effect on the tremor_

19
Q

In which cases may surgery for PD be considered.

A

Dopamine resposive but large side effects to L-dopa with NO psychiatric illness

20
Q

Give some treatments for myasthenia gravis.

A 
ACEi
Plasmapheresis 
IVIG 
Azathioprine 
Corticosteroids
21
Q

Out of the pyridostigmine and neostigmine which one is more useful in ITU and why?

What is the drawback of this though?

A

IV therefore quicker action.

Significant antimuscarinic side-effect/

22
Q

Describe the bimodal age of onset of MG.,

A

Affect young woman in their 20-30

But old men in their 60-70s

23
Q

MG surgical Tx?

A

Thymus removal

24
Q

What is tensilon test?

A

Give edrophonium - worsening signs and symptoms (cholinergic crisis)

Improve - positive test result - positive sign - myasthenic crisis

25
Q

Came two COMT inhibitios

And a COMT inhibitor + L-Dopa + Peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor.

A

Entacapone
Tolcapone

Stalevo

26
Q

Name the basal ganglia
What forms the lentiform nucleus?

Where is the head of caudate nucleus located? Tail?

What is the nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum)?

A

Substantial nigra
Caudate nucleus
Globes pallidus
STN

Putamen
Globes pallidus

Floor of the head of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
Roof of the inferior horn

Fusion of the anterior part of the head of the caudate nucleus with the putamen.

Neuro (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions