Development Of The Nervous System

Question 1

What is the first structure formed in neurulation?

Which end is wider and which direction does it form

Answer 1

Neural plate

Cranial end - will become the future brain.
Cranial to caudal.

Question 2

Anterior neuropore failure to close?

Why does the brain become necrotic?

What part of the brain does not form?

What often accompanies this?

Answer 2

Anencephaly

Associated with vascular agenesis

Telencephalon

Rachischisis

Question 3

Posterior neuropore failure to close?
What accompanies it?
What region is it most common in?

What may an endonasal meningocoele be confused for?

Answer 3

Spina bifida/ Rachishisus

Hydrocephalus

Lumbrosacral region

Nasal polyps

Question 4

Cause of lissencephaly?

Aka?

Answer 4

Lack of neural cell migration

Agyri

Question 5

Until what month is are the vertebral column and spinal cord the same length?

Answer 5

3rd

Question 6

What are the two primary flexures?

What flexure divides the rhombencephalpon?

Answer 6

One in the midbrain region (cephalic flexure)
One in the hindbrain and spinal cord region (cervical flexure)

Pontine flexure

Question 7

Where do the lateral ventricles form from? Give two other things that derive form here?

Which one will form the cerebral aqueduct?

Name two things formed by the metencephalon.

Answer 7

telencephalon
Corpus striatum
Cerebral cortex

Mesencephalon

Pons and cerebellum

Question 8

What happens to the neural crest cells?

What do they form in the heart?

What do they form in the head, neck and midline?

What layers of the meninges do they form?>

Answer 8

From the lateral edges of the neural folds they migrate into the mesoderm and undergo epithelial -> mesenchymal transition.

Conotruncal septum

Odontoblasts
C cells
Dermis

Leptomeninges

Question 9

What does the mantle layer contain?

What does the marginal layer contain?

Which layer becomes what?

Answer 9

Cell bodies of neuroblasts

Axons of neuroblasts

Marginal = white matter
Mantle = grey matter

Question 10

What is the name of the longitudinal furrow that separates the alar and basal plates?

What do the alar and basal plates become respectively?

What do the roof and floor plates become?

Answer 10

Sulcus limitans

Basal = ventral grey horn. 
Alar = dorsal grey horn 

Ventral and dorsal white commisures