Motor symptoms

Question 1

Catatonia

Answer 1

• rigidity during involuntary movements while volitional movement is carried out out normally
• persists in sleep and can continue for weeks
• mostly seen in advanced primary mood or psychotic illnesses
• 10% of cases are in schizophrenia schizophrenia

Question 2

Ambitendence

Answer 2

• here the patient brings a spoon to their mouth many times but never completes the act
• affective ambitendance-to love or hate the same person at the same time

Question 3

Automatic obedience

Answer 3

-exagerated cooperation with examiners request or spontaneous continuation of movement requested

Question 4

Mitmachen

Answer 4

• considered the mildest form of automatic obedience where despite requests to resist manipulation, the patient yields himself to be placed in abnormal postures
• arm goes back to resisting position when released by the examiner

Question 5

Mitgehen

Answer 5

the patient yields to slightest of pressures without much resistance, similar to anglepoise lamp that bends easily
-this happens even if the patient is instructed to resist any manipulation

Question 6

Catalepsy or Waxy flexibility

Answer 6

• flexibilitas cerea

- patient can be moved into positions

Question 7

Echopraxia

Answer 7

-mimicking examiners movements

Question 8

Echolalia

Answer 8

-mimicking examiners speech

Question 9

Gegenhalten

Answer 9

• aka paratonia or opposition
• there is resistance to passive movements with the proportional strength to the increase of muscle tone which seems to be voluntarily controlled by the patient

Question 10

Negativism

Answer 10

-resist or oppose all passive movements attempted by the examiner

Question 11

Posturing

Answer 11

• refers to the maintenance of odd and bizarre postures
• these might be spontaneously udnertaken or derived from arrested motor activity
  e. g psychological pillow

Question 12

Stereotypes

Answer 12

• non-goal directed motor activity
• seen in severe LD and pervasive developmental disorder
• spinning ones hands, repeated rubbing

Question 13

Akathisia

Answer 13

-subjective component of restlessness

Question 14

Astasia-abasia

Answer 14

• inability to walk, sit or stand upright without any obvious neurological deficits
• occurs as a motor conversion disorder

Question 15

Perseveration

Answer 15

-repeatedly same response, either verbal or motor, when different stimuli are delivered (questions or instructions)