Motor Learning & Coaching Flashcards
Define Motor Learning
Discipline concerned with the learning of skilled movements through biophysical knowledge about neural, muscular, & sensory systems, practise & feedback
What 2 are subsections of Motor Learning & Coaching
- Motor Programs
- Motor Skills
Define Motor Programs
Organised set of individuals motor skills (or subroutines) that result in the correct execution of specified sills
List the characteristics of Motor Programs
- Dependant on the individual motor skills
- Stored within performers memory & when called upon
- In completing the task, performer combines small task into bigger tasks
Define Skill
Learnt ability to bring about predetermined results with a maximum of certainty, often with a maximum outlay of time or energy or both
What are the 3 types of skills
- Cognitive Skills
- Perceptual Skills
- Motor Skills
Define Cognitive Skills
- Primarily uses brain =
E.g. Reading
Define Perceptual Skills
- How an individual interprets stimuli
E.g. 2 people receive same info, but interpret the info differently
Define Motor Skills (in terms of Skill)
- Physical Movement
E.g. Catching, Throwing
Define Motor Skills
Activities that involve voluntary muscular movement to complete a predetermined task to help understand the demand of the skill
Characteristics Of Motor Skills
- Complex sequence of movements
- Learned & required to improve performers
- Predetermined goals & incentives
Skilled Performers who have excellent Motor Skills have what characteristics list 4
- Correct Response
- Achieve desired outcome
- Improved accuracy
- Quicker response
- Well coordinated with fluency of movement
- Analyse info & make decision faster
- Fluent movement - physiologically economic
- Focus on relevant cues
Define movement precision in terms of classification of motor skills
Influence by the size of muscle groups/ & movement involved.
State the difference between Gross & Fine motor skills
Gross = Involve major muscle groups to produce large body movements E.g. walking
Fine = Involve movement of smaller muscle groups to produce more precise movement coordination.
E.g. writing
define type of movement
How well defined the beginning & end performance is
Define Discrete skills
Have a clear beginning & end
E.g. drive in golf
Define serial skill
A number of discrete skills, put together in a particular order
E.g. floor routine in gym
Define continuous data
Don’t have a clear beginning or end, & is impossible to tell where skill starts & when it stops.
E.g. cycling. or jogging
What are Cues?
List all 3 types of cues
- Verbal
- Visual
- Proprioceptive
Define the Visual Cue
Opportunity to “watch” the desired skill/visual aids, critical in cognitive stage, around 3 or 4 points verbalised, external.
Define Verbal Cue
A short orientated phase which directs or performs attention to task relevant stimuli which goes into enhance performance, instruction & feedback to perform.
Prior to performance to increase focus, positive visual cues increases motivation
Define Proprioceptive
Internal feedback which comes from sensory reception “proprioceptive” - in joints, muscles, & tendons.
Send info to CNS detailing positions, posture, equilibrium.
Help CNS control, speed, & position.
Kinaesthetic Information
Information from within your body out, about how the movement felt & can be used by experienced perfomer.
Define Info/ processing & model of learning
How performers :
- Take in large info from the environment
- Analyse & interpret info
- Make decision about what response to make
Name all the 4 phases of Info/ processing & model of learning
- Input: Receive info by sensory system
- Processing: info analysed, interpret & response
- Output: Select movement is produced
- Feedback: Info about performers in received
Define Stage 1: ID stimuli/ input
Stage involves sensory mechanism detecting signals
- from environment
- info is internal & external
- is irrelevant
- relevant info is further processed
Define Stage 2: Response ID/ Decision Making
Perceptual/ stimuli detection
- Mechanism analyse, interpret the data received, from sensory mechanism
Define Ability of Sense Organs
- Better sense organs involved
- Poor eyesight & hearing loss & ability to detect cues
Strength of Cue
The more intense the cue is, the likely it is to be detectable
Noise
Any irrelevant cues in the environment, distract people
Length of Cue
Length of cue in presentation, more likely to be detected
Level of Arousal
- An over aroused can imagine signals, not present
- An under aroused can miss cues
Define the decision making mechanism
- All relevant data, has been interpreted & analysed decision by experience & knowledge & skills
Name all the stages of Information & Processing Model of Learning
Stage 1: Identification of Stimuli/Response
Stage 2: Response identification/ Decision making
Stage 3: Response/Selection
Stage 4: Feedback
