Biomechanics 2

Question 1

Define ‘Momentum’

Answer 1

Momentum is a measure of the amount of motion possessed by a moving body. It is the product of mass and velocity

Question 2

What is the formula for Momentum

Answer 2

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

Question 3

An object can only have momentum if?

Answer 3

The object is moving

Question 4

Define ‘Impulse-Momentum Relationship’

Answer 4

Impulse is the application of force over a period of time to change the momentum of an object.

Question 5

What is the formula for Impulse

Answer 5

force × time

Question 6

Impulse in important in what type of situations

Answer 6

impact/collisions

Question 7

To increase momentum what needs to be done

Answer 7

Increase the force component

Question 8

To decrease momentum what needs to be done

Answer 8

one typically looks to increase the time component.

Question 9

What is conservation of linear momentum

Answer 9

Principle states the total momentum of two objects before and after impact are equal.

Question 10

conservation of linear momentum only occurs because of what

Answer 10

Perfect elastic collisions

Question 11

What is the ‘Kinematic Chain’

Answer 11

Is a process that determines how to best use body segments depending on the demands of the task

Question 12

Define ‘Power’ in terms of Summation of Force

Answer 12

More segments used. Forces usually sequentially summated

Question 13

Define ‘Accuracy’ in terms of Summation of Force

Answer 13

Less segments needed and usually summated simultaneously

Question 14

What does ‘Simultaneously’ mean in Summation of Force & what is it generally used for

Answer 14

Where all body parts move at the same time to produce a force
- used for accuracy

Question 15

What does ‘Sequentially’ mean in Summation of Force & what is it generally used for

Answer 15

Sequential combination of forces produced by different parts of the body, acting together to maximise force
- Used for throwing, kicking, or striking

Question 16

Define ‘Projectile Motion’

Answer 16

A projectile is an object propelled into the air or water and affected only by the forces of gravity and air resistance.

Question 17

What is the difference between Air resistance
& Gravity

Answer 17

• Without air resistance, a projectiles horizontal velocity would remain constant
• Downwards force which brings projectiles back to the ground (“what comes up, must come down”)

Question 18

There’s 2 components causing the trajectory of a projectile what are they? & the difference between them

Answer 18

• Horizontal = Affected by air resistance and relates specifically to the horizontal distance covered by a projectile
• Vertical = Affected by gravity and relates specifically to the height reached by the projectile

Question 19

The flight path of a projectile is determined by?

Answer 19

HAV
H = Height of release
A = Angle of release
V = Velocity/Speed of release

Question 20

What is meant by the Height of Release

Answer 20

The greater the height of release of a projectile, the greater the horizontal distance it will cover, provided all other factors are equal.

Question 21

What is the optimum height of release

Answer 21

Optimal angle of release is = 45⁰

Question 22

What is the optimum height of release with a lowered position

Answer 22

Optimal angle of release is > 45⁰

Question 23

What is the optimum height of release with a higher position

Answer 23

Optimal angle of release is < 45⁰

Question 24

Define Angle of Release & what is the optimum angle of release

Answer 24

The angle of release of a projectile determines trajectory shape.
- Theoretical optimal angle of release for distance = 45⁰

Question 25

An angle of greater than 45⁰ results in what?

Answer 25

- Shorter horizontal distances - Greater vertical distances - Longer flight times

Question 26

An angle of less than 45⁰ results in what?

Answer 26

- shorter horizontal distances - shorter vertical distances - shorter flight times

Question 27

Define Velocity/Speed of Release

Answer 27

The greater the speed or velocity of release, the greater the distance a projectile will carry. The speed of release is the most important factor when maximising the distance travelled.

Question 28

What does the Velocity of projectile at instant of release determine

Answer 28

height + length

Question 29

Define 'Balance'

Answer 29

Ability to neutralize forces that disturb the equilibrium

Question 30

State the difference in Static & Dynamic Balance

Answer 30

-Static = Ability to hold a stationary position - Dynamic = Ability to hold a moving position to execute an outcome

Question 31

What does COG Center of gravity mean

Answer 31

Theoretical point in an object, located either inside or ouside of the body, where all of the body's mass is equally distributed

Question 32

What is the Line of Gravity

Answer 32

Imaginary line, passing downwards through the center of gravity to the ground or surface