Motor learning and coaching

Question 1

3 categories of skill

Answer 1

1. Cognitive skills involving primarily the brain. Eg. reading, analysing a problem.
2. Perceptual skills involving how an individual interprets stimuli eg two players receive the same information from the environment but interpret it differently. Correct interpretation of stimuli improves performance
3. Motor skills involving physical movement. Eg. catching, throwing, running

Question 2

Gross motor skills

Answer 2

movement of major muscle groups resulting in large body parts moving

Question 3

Fine motor skills

Answer 3

movement of smaller muscle groups resulting in more precise movement. Activities like typing, writing.

Question 4

Discrete skills

Answer 4

have a clear beginning and ending

Question 5

Serial skills

Answer 5

a number of discrete skills, put together in a certain order. eg. a layup in basketball - run up, jump, release ball

Question 6

Continuous skills

Answer 6

don’t have a clear beginning or end. cycling, jogging

Question 7

Open skills

Answer 7

• environement is constantly changing and production of skill must adapt to these changes
• rugby, soccer, netball are open skills as the performer must take into account the movement of team mates and opposition when performing a skill

Question 8

Closed skills

Answer 8

• environment does not change during performance
• eg diving, floor routine in gymnastics, shot put.

Question 9

3 stages of learning

Answer 9

Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous

Question 10

3 types of cues

Answer 10

Visual
Verbal
Proprioceptive (internal feedback from sensory receptors)

Question 11

4 stages of information processing model

Answer 11

1. Input - Information received by sensory system
2. Processing, decision making, effector mechanism - Information analysed, interpreted and response selected
3. Output - Selected movement is produced
4. Feedback - Information about performance is received - can be internal/external or both

Question 12

How is information received for input

Answer 12

• sight
• sounds
• touch
• proprioception

Question 13

things affecting the stage of processing of data/decision making

Answer 13

The ability of sense organs
Strength of the cue
Noise
Length of the cue
Level of arousal
Experience

Question 14

Response time

Answer 14

includes reaction time and movement time.

Question 15

Reaction time

Answer 15

the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the initiation of the response

Question 16

Movement time

Answer 16

the time taken from the initiation of the movement to the completion of the movement

Question 17

Feedback definition

Answer 17

The information a performer receives about their performance of a skill.

Question 18

External feedback (2 types)

Answer 18

External feedback is information received from outside the body. It is received by the sensory system and is seen, felt or heard. Can be instrinsic (someone seeing their shot miss the goal), or augmented (coach telling the player why she missed the shot)

Question 19

Forms of feedback

Answer 19

Knowledge of performance
Knowledge of results

Question 20

Timing of feedback

Answer 20

Concurrent
Terminal

Question 21

3 main functions of feedback

Answer 21

1. To motivate the performer
2. To change performance
3. To reinforce learning