Motor Exam Flashcards by Joey Stevens

Define coordination

Interaction in muscle to produce accurate, controlled movements

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What does coordination demonstrate?

Smoothness, rhythem, appropriate speed, voluntary control of muscles

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What is required for coordination?

Correct contraction of agonist muscles with simultaneous relaxation of antagonist muscles

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What is ataxia?

Difficulty with both coordination and gate (walking)

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What is dysdiadochikinesia?

Difficulty with rapid alternating movements

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What is dysmetria?

Difficulty with estimating ROM required to reach target.

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How to test for dysmetria?

Test with finger to nose

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How does dysmetria show up functionally?

Can’t plug in stuff, difficulty reaching for and retrieving things

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What is dyssynergia?

Difficulty voluntary movements workings as one, movements occur as parts and can appear jerky

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How does dyssynergia impact movements?

Impairment can cause impact on smooth movements and coordination of muscles

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What is a tremor?

Involuntary shaking or shaking

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What is a rest tremor?

Occurs when the body part is relaxed

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What is rebound phenomenon of Holmes?

Difficulty stopping motion to avoid striking something

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How does rebound phenomenon of Holmes show up functionally?

Inability to open a door

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What is nystagmus?

Involuntary movement of eyes

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What is dysarthria?

Faulty speech, slurred

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What is choreiform movements?

Uncontrolled, purposeless, quick, jerky movements

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What are athetoid movements?

Slow, arithmetical movements

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What are spasms?

Involuntary contractions of muscles groups

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What is dystonia?

Faulty muscle tone or tension, can cause contractions

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What is decomposition of movement?

Difficulty of movement in which gestures are broken up into individual segments instead of being executed smoothly

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What is asthenia?

Physical weakness or a lack of energy

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What is rigidity?

When muscles feel stiff and tighten involuntarily, making them inflexible

What is akinesia?

The loss of ability to move your muscles voluntarily

What is bradykinesia?

Slowness of movement

What are 4 causes of joint limitations?

Skin contractures Muscle weakness Soft tissue contractures Edema

What do they use to determine the presence of tone/spasticity?

The Asworth Scale

What is the deficit if AROM is LESS than PROM?

STRENGTH

What is the deficit is AROM is the SAME as PROM?

JOINT mechanism limitation

What is the ATNR reflex?

One arm on leg laying down

What is the STNR reflex?

Crawling position, holding neck up

What is Tonic Labyrinth reflex?

When the baby looks down, their arms and legs flex into the body

What is positive support reflex?

Baby putting weight into feet when held standing up

What are protective extension reactions?

Extension of arms with changes in balance

What are righting reactions?

Maintain or restore normal position of the head and body

What is equilibrium?

Maintain and restore balance throughout activities

What are automatic actions needed for?

Needed for normal movement and providing balance and fall recovery

What is the Rood Approach basic assumption?

Appropriate sensory stimulation can elicit specific motor responses

What concepts are Rood's Approach based off of?

Developmental and neuropsychological concepts

What is a prerequisite to movement according to Rood's Approach?

Normal muscle tone is a prerequisite to movement!

What muscles are used for heavy-work according to Rood's Aproach?

Heavy-work muscles are stabilizers, abductors and extensors

What muscles are used for light-work according to Rood's Aproach?

Light-work muscles are mobilizers, flexors and adductors

True or false: With Rood's Aproach, treatment begins at the developmental level of functioning

True!

What is the cephalocaudal rule and what approach uses it?

Treatment going from the head downward, proximal to distal. Rood's Approach

Does motivation help or inhibit purposeful movement?

Rood's Approach claims that is helps, resulting in greater participation

What is necessary for the reeducation of muscular responses accord to Rood's Approach?

Repetition! It assists in developing an internal "memory" of a motor activity

What is the sequence of motor development according to Rood's Approach?

Reciprocal inhibition Co-contraction Heavy-work muscles: "mobility on stability" Skill

What are the theoretical foundations of the Brunnstrom approach?

Damaged CNS causes a pt ot regress to former movement patterns Patterns include limb synergies

What are limb synergies according to Brunstrom?

Group of muscles acting as a bound unit in a stereotypical manner

What is the focus of treatment for Brunstrom's approach?

Following stages of recovery Bed positioning and mobility Balance and trunk control ROM Care of subluxation

What are principles of treatment for the PNF Approach?

-Normal motor development proceed in a cervicocaudal and proximodistal direction -Early motor behavior is dominated by reflex activity -Motor behavior is expressed in an orderly sequence of total patterns

What is the main PNF example?

The diagonal one, the putting on seatbelt motion crossing midline

What is the main encouragement of NDT approach?

Encourages the use of both sides of the body

Does NDT approach support or discourage the use of compensatory techiniques in hemiplegic patients?

NDT DISCOURAGES COMPENSATORY TECHNIQUES

What is the main focus for NDT treatment?

Quality movement!

What is the dynamic systems theory?

Movement occurs because of interaction between person/organism, environment, and task