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Physical Dysfunction 1 > Motor Exam > Flashcards

Motor Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Define coordination

A

Interaction in muscle to produce accurate, controlled movements

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2
Q

What does coordination demonstrate?

A

Smoothness, rhythem, appropriate speed, voluntary control of muscles

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3
Q

What is required for coordination?

A

Correct contraction of agonist muscles with simultaneous relaxation of antagonist muscles

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4
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Difficulty with both coordination and gate (walking)

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5
Q

What is dysdiadochikinesia?

A

Difficulty with rapid alternating movements

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6
Q

What is dysmetria?

A

Difficulty with estimating ROM required to reach target.

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7
Q

How to test for dysmetria?

A

Test with finger to nose

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8
Q

How does dysmetria show up functionally?

A

Can’t plug in stuff, difficulty reaching for and retrieving things

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9
Q

What is dyssynergia?

A

Difficulty voluntary movements workings as one, movements occur as parts and can appear jerky

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10
Q

How does dyssynergia impact movements?

A

Impairment can cause impact on smooth movements and coordination of muscles

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11
Q

What is a tremor?

A

Involuntary shaking or shaking

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12
Q

What is a rest tremor?

A

Occurs when the body part is relaxed

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13
Q

What is rebound phenomenon of Holmes?

A

Difficulty stopping motion to avoid striking something

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14
Q

How does rebound phenomenon of Holmes show up functionally?

A

Inability to open a door

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15
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Involuntary movement of eyes

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16
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Faulty speech, slurred

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17
Q

What is choreiform movements?

A

Uncontrolled, purposeless, quick, jerky movements

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18
Q

What are athetoid movements?

A

Slow, arithmetical movements

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19
Q

What are spasms?

A

Involuntary contractions of muscles groups

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20
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Faulty muscle tone or tension, can cause contractions

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21
Q

What is decomposition of movement?

A

Difficulty of movement in which gestures are broken up into individual segments instead of being executed smoothly

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22
Q

What is asthenia?

A

Physical weakness or a lack of energy

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23
Q

What is rigidity?

A

When muscles feel stiff and tighten involuntarily, making them inflexible

24
Q

What is akinesia?

A

The loss of ability to move your muscles voluntarily

25
Q

What is bradykinesia?

A

Slowness of movement

26
Q

What are 4 causes of joint limitations?

A

Skin contractures
Muscle weakness
Soft tissue contractures
Edema

27
Q

What do they use to determine the presence of tone/spasticity?

A

The Asworth Scale

28
Q

What is the deficit if AROM is LESS than PROM?

A

STRENGTH

29
Q

What is the deficit is AROM is the SAME as PROM?

A

JOINT mechanism limitation

30
Q

What is the ATNR reflex?

A

One arm on leg laying down

31
Q

What is the STNR reflex?

A

Crawling position, holding neck up

32
Q

What is Tonic Labyrinth reflex?

A

When the baby looks down, their arms and legs flex into the body

33
Q

What is positive support reflex?

A

Baby putting weight into feet when held standing up

34
Q

What are protective extension reactions?

A

Extension of arms with changes in balance

35
Q

What are righting reactions?

A

Maintain or restore normal position of the head and body

36
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Maintain and restore balance throughout activities

37
Q

What are automatic actions needed for?

A

Needed for normal movement and providing balance and fall recovery

38
Q

What is the Rood Approach basic assumption?

A

Appropriate sensory stimulation can elicit specific motor responses

39
Q

What concepts are Rood’s Approach based off of?

A

Developmental and neuropsychological concepts

40
Q

What is a prerequisite to movement according to Rood’s Approach?

A

Normal muscle tone is a prerequisite to movement!

41
Q

What muscles are used for heavy-work according to Rood’s Aproach?

A

Heavy-work muscles are stabilizers, abductors and extensors

42
Q

What muscles are used for light-work according to Rood’s Aproach?

A

Light-work muscles are mobilizers, flexors and adductors

43
Q

True or false:
With Rood’s Aproach, treatment begins at the developmental level of functioning

A

True!

44
Q

What is the cephalocaudal rule and what approach uses it?

A

Treatment going from the head downward, proximal to distal. Rood’s Approach

45
Q

Does motivation help or inhibit purposeful movement?

A

Rood’s Approach claims that is helps, resulting in greater participation

46
Q

What is necessary for the reeducation of muscular responses accord to Rood’s Approach?

A

Repetition! It assists in developing an internal “memory” of a motor activity

47
Q

What is the sequence of motor development according to Rood’s Approach?

A

Reciprocal inhibition
Co-contraction
Heavy-work muscles: “mobility on stability”
Skill

48
Q

What are the theoretical foundations of the Brunnstrom approach?

A

Damaged CNS causes a pt ot regress to former movement patterns
Patterns include limb synergies

49
Q

What are limb synergies according to Brunstrom?

A

Group of muscles acting as a bound unit in a stereotypical manner

50
Q

What is the focus of treatment for Brunstrom’s approach?

A

Following stages of recovery
Bed positioning and mobility
Balance and trunk control
ROM
Care of subluxation

51
Q

What are principles of treatment for the PNF Approach?

A

-Normal motor development proceed in a cervicocaudal and proximodistal direction
-Early motor behavior is dominated by reflex activity
-Motor behavior is expressed in an orderly sequence of total patterns

52
Q

What is the main PNF example?

A

The diagonal one, the putting on seatbelt motion crossing midline

53
Q

What is the main encouragement of NDT approach?

A

Encourages the use of both sides of the body

54
Q

Does NDT approach support or discourage the use of compensatory techiniques in hemiplegic patients?

A

NDT DISCOURAGES COMPENSATORY TECHNIQUES

55
Q

What is the main focus for NDT treatment?

A

Quality movement!

56
Q

What is the dynamic systems theory?

A

Movement occurs because of interaction between person/organism, environment, and task

Physical Dysfunction 1 (3 decks)

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